Literature - A Mirror Of Society Essays (1277 words) - Romanticism

Literature - a Mirror of Society The literature of a country is affected and influenced by how the people of that country live. This paper will prove that The French Revolution greatly influenced 19th Century French Romanticism. First, the cultural values of the revolution will be identified. Then, the different aspects of Romanticism will be presented. The cultural values of The French Revolution and Romanticism will then be linked. Finally, literary examples will be shown to support this connection between the two movements. Before the Revolution, the citizens of France lived in a strict, confined society with no freedom to express their feelings. Government had imposed strong, unfair laws on the common people (Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia ?French Revolution?). They wanted a voice in a stable government with a strong economy (Johnson 105) and a strong sense of individuality and independence within the people. (Moss and Wilson 180) Eighteenth- century literature was much like the society in which it was produced, restrained. Society was divided into privileged and unprivileged classes, (Leinward 452) with Eighteenth- century writers focusing on the lives of the upper class. (Thompson 857) These writers followed ?formal rules?(Thorlby 282), and based their works on scientific observations and logic (Thompson 895). The Revolution gave the common people and writers more freedom to express feelings and stimulated them to use reason. According to Thompson, The Revolution ?had a major impact on Nineteenth- Century European Life.? (895) It sent a strong wave of emotion and revival throughout France (Peyre 59). This lead to new laws and standards for the citizens, including newer, less imposing literary standards. Romanticism marked a profound change in both literature and thought. Romanticism, according to Webster's Dictionary, is defined as ?a literary movement (as in early 19th century Europe) marked especially by an emphasis on the imagination and emotions and by the use of autobiographical material.? Although this may be true, there is no single commonly accepted definition of Romanticism, but it has some features upon which there is general agreement. First, it emphasized upon human reason, feeling, emotion, and expression (Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, ?Romanticism?) while emphasizing the love of nature, beauty, and liberty. (Leinward 528-529) Thompson defines Romanticism as ? a major literary and cultural movement? that was inspired by the imaginations, inner feelings, and emotions of the Romantics. (895) If one term can be used to describe the forces that have shaped the modern world, it is Romanticism. (Peyre, 2) Romanticism has had such a profound effect on the world since the late 18th century that one author has called it ?the profoundest cultural transformation in human history since the invention of the city.? (Compton's Encyclopedia, ?Romanticism?) Harvey and Heseltine state that ?The outstanding characteristic of 18th-century French literature had been attached to reason.... About the turn of the century.... literature became a matter of senses and emotions.? (633) They also say that the movement of Romanticism ?gave practical expression to the new spirit...? because it recognized that the bounds on literature were ?too rigid?. (634) There are many direct relations how the French Revolution influenced the French Romanticism that followed it in the Nineteenth- century. The French Revolution had a major impact on the timeline and progression of Romanticism. Vinaver states that ?Neither a revolt or a reaction, Romanticism was a revolutionary fulfillment... And this in turn explains why the European event known as the French Revolution is at once the climax [of Romanticism]...It's [French Revolution} date, 1789, conveniently divides the Pre- Romanticism [era] from the full flowering of the new culture.? (6) Romanticism starts in about 1774, but does not take off until the last decade of the 18th- century, the same time as the Revolution. The French Revolution provided for many of the problems and basis for many Romantic literary works. First of all, the political change brought by the Revolution, along with the intellectual reverberations brought upon Romanticism. (Harvey and Heseltine 634) Also, Thompson states that ? [Romanticism was] shaped by the ideals of the French Revolution.? (895) Finally, Vinaver declares that the Revolution served as ?a great source of the problems and tendencies of Romantic proper.? (6) The Revolution also inspired many writers to write romantically. Peyre points this out when

William Shakespeares Hamlet A Review Essay

William Shakespeares Hamlet A Review Essay William Shakespeares Hamlet: A Review Essay Rich Martinez Period 6th 01-18-13 Act 3 Scene 1 Hamlet’s Soliloquy (Kenneth Branagh) *what is a Soliloquy? -An act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself of regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play. Hamlet’s soliloquy in Act 3, Scene 1 is one of the most momentous instances in the play. Kenneth Branagh’s interpretation of Hamlet’s words brings to life the deeper meaning of this famous passage. By making specific decisions in his movements and tone, Branagh facilitates the understanding of Shakespeare’s writing. The passage begins with the infamous lines, â€Å"to be, or not to be, that is the question;† (55). Hamlet is trying to decide weather it would be easier to kill himself or live his life. As he does so, he is looking at himself in a mirror and speaks almost in a constant tone. The fact that Branagh is speaking in front of a mirror reveals that perhaps Hamlet is so insecure with himself that he needs the comfort of his own image to encourage him to take action. But Branagh’s decision to deliver this line in monotone suggests that Hamlet does not care about his life. However, this it contradicted when he asks himself if it would be better to just â€Å"suffer† (56) from all of his problems or â€Å"to take arm against a sea of troubles, And by opposing, end them† (58-59). Branagh shows that Hamlet does indeed care but his life, but his madness will not allow him to think lucidly. At the moment when he delivers this line, Branagh bends his elbow and makes a f ist with his right hand, and then takes a step forward. His actions suggest that he will actually take action and stop his suffering. The fist evokes a sense of violence, which may imply that Hamlet will use violence to deal with his problems. The fact that Branagh takes a step forward after he makes a fist is another sign of Hamlet’s insecurity. It shows that he will act violently before thinking about his actions, which might lead him to even greater problems. The passage continues with Hamlet wondering if it were better to sleep or to dye. He confuses himself even more by coming to the conclusion that dying is sleeping; therefore dreams are a part of dying. Branagh shows Hamlet’s agitation by breathing heavier while delivering the line â€Å"-ay, there’s the rub, For in that sleep of death what dream may come† (64-65). Hamlet is afraid that he will not be able to get rid of his problems even after death. Also, while he is delivering the line, suspense classical music begins to play in the background, which acts as an emphasis on Hamlet’s confusion. The music evokes a sense of loneliness that has taken over Hamlet. He is unable to share his troubles with anyone causing him to drown in a sea of thought. The movement in the music symbolizes that turbulence that is happening in Hamlet’s mind. Further on, Branagh stops and says, â€Å"When he himself might his quietus make† (74). Hamlet says that it would be easy to just end one’s own life, which is correspondingly portrayed by the stop in the actor’s motion. By instantly stopping the movement of his legs, Branagh is symbolizing the easiness with which he could stop the movement of his heart. At this moment, he also takes out a sword and places it in front of

Mircosoft Share Point Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mircosoft Share Point - Essay Example Thus SharePoint is not a program but a platform for different types of programs. It a back-end system that ties all employees Personal Computers (PCs), allowing them to synchronize their effort through integrated communication system. SharePoint has tools such as adobe Photoshop, patternry, Javascript kit, Balsamiq and CrossBowser Testing that aids designers in customizing the interface as required. It has also Business Management Process (BPM) capabilities. It has functionalities such as visual indicators, the associate items and smart actions. Visual indicators such color coded status and icons are configurable and able to make dramatic impact on dashboard. Identification of important projects without sifting through a myriad of texts where isn’t immediately clear which projects are on track and falling behind is made possible by this functionality (Cooper, 2014). The associate Items functionality enables association of parent and child lists to create a many-to-one list. For instance, a parent project may be associated to multiple invoices that would be defined in a list (Junk, 2013). This is the same way data is modeled in data base. ‘Smart Actions’ provide workflow functionality connected to lists. This allows work triggers to be carried out based on laid down criteria. Using the custom functionality with interface options allows for a comprehensive tool to be built modeling anything from project tracking to training management product testing (Cooper, 2014). Besides, SharePoint has email and printing templates which allows for polished communication and reports containing the data collected by the business’ custom created tools. SharePoint User Interface (UI) enhances control hence creating effectiveness. Managers are provided with extensive set of tools by the interface to enforce procedures and record management. Besides, simple UI enhances visibility. Team members benefit by not only getting see the reasoning behind each step but also can

Week 11 Exercise Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 11 Exercise - Coursework Example 3. Location J is the Rua Manuel Viera de Sousa, 81 in Mooca district, in Sao Paulo city. The region is the fastest growing and developing area in the city and has a population estimate of 65, 000 people. Among these people in Mooca district, two out of every three are Italians, who moved to the area in the 1900’s to offer labour to the industries in the area. Sao Paulo city has a total population of 11, 316, 149 people. The city is the most populated city in both Brazil and South America. It is a city with the most diverse ethnic groups, consisting of Whites, Asians, Blacks, Brown (mixed people) and the Amerindian people (CIA World Fact Book 1). 4. Location E shows a sparsely and less populated area within Brazil, depicting the unevenness of the population distribution in the country. The primary factors contributing to the uneven distribution of people in the area is the high rural to urban migration that has resulted to high populations in the cities and he unfavourable climatic conditions. Most people have been moving to cities to look for employment and better living standards. As a result, the rural areas have been left without people. Most rural parts of Brazil experience high temperatures that go beyond 25Â °C. This causes frequent droughts, which have attributed to the migration of people to other regions in search of better living standards (CIA World Fact Book 1). 6. The feature shown by location C is Machu Picchu. It was built by the Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the ninth emperor of the Inca in the 1400’s. Machu Picchu is an important tourist attraction site in Peru and among the most famous destinations in the world. It is a significant heritage site in the world and is full of cultural significance. It sits at 2, 430 meters above sea level (CIA World Fact Book 1). 8. Location H is a copper mine. Copper accounts for 33% of the country’s (Chile) exports. In 2010, Chile exported copper worth $6

Media globalization's effect on the creation of a hybrid identity and Research Paper

Media globalization's effect on the creation of a hybrid identity and the use of the Internet to project this simulated image of self - Research Paper Example erally implies the sweeping changes in demographic, cultural, and technological trends which, in their turn, turn cosmopolitanism into the distinctive feature of the routine reality. The question is in whether individuals have a chance to preserve their own uniqueness and withstand the pressure of cosmopolitanism without losing their cultural and individual identity. Second, although globalization opens new frontiers and facilitates international contacts and relationships, many cultures and individuals perceive globalization as a serious threat to their identity. Given the overall irreversibility of the globalization processes, social scientists must develop new practical frameworks, which will make globalization work for the benefit of the cultural masses. Finally, technology is fairly regarded as the principal driver of globalization in the postmodern world. Therefore, how technology impacts identities, and what globalization has to do with the rapid expansion of global media requ ires detailed analysis. This knowledge will help to prevent and reduce the scope of identity crises, which necessarily follow the intervention of the new forms of global media and technological communication with countries, cultures, and individual selves. Globalization and its Theoretical Dimensions. The current state of literature provides an insight into what globalization is, how it impacts identities, and how the rapid expansion of the global media instruments contributes to the development of the new identity thinking. Despite a wealth of literature on the topic, many questions are still without answers. Moreover, how to conceptualize globalization remains the issue of the mounting scholarly concern. Generally, globalization means â€Å"the transformation of temporal and spatial limitation, that is the shrinking of distance due to the dramatic reduction in the time needed to bridge spatial differences that has, in turn, resulted in the gradual integration of political, economic,

Criticisms Or Limitations Of HRM Strategic Hrm Commerce Essay

Criticisms Or Limitations Of HRM Strategic Hrm Commerce Essay Over the past century, the concept of Human Resources Management (HRM) has been going through some significant changes. According to Nankervis, Compton and Baird, the main focus of human resources management is the overall management of an organizations workforce in the purpose of achieving the desired objectives of the organizations in the long run (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). From personnel administration management to human resources management, and then further developing to strategic human resources management, the HR functions of an organization has evolved into a more central strategic role. Nowadays, the change in IR landscape has led to a rise in the attention paid to HRM. With consumer focusing more on the service provided rather than the physical merchandised goods, the demand for a well-functioned HRM has largely increased. HRM is no longer a function performed by HR supervisors but is also seen as a competitive advantage of the organization to achieve its long-term objectives and goals. To a greater extent, this essay will define and compare HRM and SHRM, investigating the hard and soft approaches to HRM. The limitations and criticisms of various HRM models will also be covered in the later paragraph. Lastly, two external environment factors in which organizations are facing nowadays are identified with a research on how the strategic approach to HRM is contributing to their ability to respond to such changes. Human Resources Management (HRM) is defined as the policies, practices and systems established by an organization that shape employees behaviour, attitudes as well as performance towards their job (DeCieri Kramar, 2005). It focuses mainly on managing the productive use of people of the organization in order to achieve its strategic objectives and at the same time upholding a healthy employer-employee relationship to satisfy the individual employees needs (Stone, 2005:4). Before investigating the two models of Human Resources Management (HRM) and Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM), one should take into considerations that the assumptions underpinning the HRM: the unitarist approach assuming a partnership between the employers and employees on a set of common interest with a mutual commitment to achieve the proposed objectives; and the pluralist approach in which the relationship between the two parties is assumed to have to inevitably go through a conflict of interest and th at negotiations are crucial in resolving the problem (Kane, 1996). Ever since the early 20th century, HRM is seen as merely a personnel function carrying out the day-to-day administrative business of an organization, such as the promotion of employee welfare. While HRM further evolved in the later years, HRM started to turn into a professional approach where specialists are employed to conduct the HR-related task of the organization, including recruitment, training and welfare activities (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). Another perspective of HRM, the resource-based view started to gain popularity in the late 1990s, advocating HR as a valuable resource capable of contributing to the sustained competitive advantage of the organization. In other words, facilitating the development of a company-specific and unique competencies would help sustain the competitive advantage of an organization, and in this case it will be the people (Brewster, Carey, Grobler et. al., 2008). Around the sa me period of time, SHRM also came into being in which it is viewed as more of a macro perspective of the strategic approach in managing employees as a result of the integration of the early personnel management and industrial relations as well as HRM (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). While going into details the definitions and development of HRM, the Harvard model is also useful in showing that HRM theories are way broader than simply a personnel function. It consists of five main factors supporting the central principle of the utilization of employees to ensure the achievement of an organizations desired goals, namely the stakeholder interest, situational factors, HRM policy choice, HR outcome and long-term consequences (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). It is well accepted that dramatic changes that took place in the past decades have created new challenges for HR professionals, forcing them to evolve and enhance their role as a purpose to address these challenges (Brewster, Carey, Grobler et. al., 2008). Instead of limiting the HR department to certain administrative roles, organizations began to line them up with the business managers, in which both parties work together to create a strategic partnership. Such process is what we call the SHRM. According to DeCieri and Kramar, SHRM is known as a pattern of planned HR developments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals (DeCieri Kramar, 2005). One might find it difficult to distinguish between HRM and SHRM. Strategic Human Resources Management stresses the importance of the establishment of HR plan and strategies in order to fulfill an organizations long-term objectives. It is seen as more of a practical model that encourage organization to plain in t he long run, taking potential changes from all other aspects such as the society, economic condition, technology enhancement, industrial relations, etc. into account (Dessler, Griffiths Lloyd-Walker, 2007). Human resources is valued as a source of competitive advantage to certain organizations. Comparing to HRM, SHRM is claimed to be a model that requires more interpretations and well-rounded planning to ensure the most desirable outcomes to suit best with the organizations business plans (Dessler, Griffiths Lloyd-Walker, 2007). With the two theoretical concepts of HRM and SHRM defined and compared, we can now go into investigating another two important approaches to HRM: the hard HR and the soft HR approaches. With reference to Druker, White, Hegewisch and Mayne, the hard approach places the main focus on the strategic business objectives of an organization, treating HR as a resource in achieving its competitive advantage (Druker, White, Hegewisch Mayne, 1996). The soft approach, on the other hand, emphasizes more on the communication, consultation, counseling and support elements within the relationship between the employers and employees (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). While both approaches have validity to particular industries and organizations and is argues that a hard approach must be corresponded with a soft approached to achieve the most desirable outcome (Kaye, 1999), it is said that HRM is more likely to lie towards the hard approach and thus the SHRM better matching the key principle of the s oft approach. Nowadays, in the rapidly growing society where globalization has become the most common issue for most countries, organizations are no longer able to neglect the outside force. Changes have taken place within the organization and so as the role of the HR professionals. Taking various external factors into account, very few organizations can continue with their same old HR policies and practices and therefore, new strategies are to be re-designed. In other words, a lot of adjustments in regards to an organizations HRM plans will have to be made in order to respond to such changes (Brewster, Carey, Grobler et. al., 2008). External factors facilitate the values, attitudes and behaviour of an employee at work and it can be classified into three categories: global, national and industrial (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). Taking the Global Financial Crisis as an example, we will look into the impact it has on HR planning as well as how the HR professionals of an organization is evolving in for the respond to the change. The financial crisis was first triggered by the liquidity shortfall of the US banking system in 2007 and has resulted in the collapse of a number of large financial organizations (Holy See Review, 2010). It is well accepted that such huge issue is affecting almost every single organizations around the world, regardless of their size. It is obvious to organizations that increasing competitive advantages is the only choice for them to better equipped themselves so as to strength their market value and survive through the unstable fluctuating economy. Since it is mentioned in the previous p aragraphs that HR is seen as one of the competitive advantage of organizations, it is not playing a very crucial role under such circumstance. While a number of organizations might choose to be more preservative by cutting down on their staff members as a cost-reducing strategy, with the SHRM model, HR practitioners will instead be focusing more on modifying the HR strategies to address the situation. For instance, by re-designing the HR strategies as well as carrying out a work-life balance policy, the organization would be able to survive through the hard times of the crisis with its employees, eventually promoting employees productivity and loyalty to the organization and thus, reducing absenteeism and the staff turnover of the organization (Schmidt-Hebbel, 2008). Another relevant external environment factor faced by organizations recently is the demographic change of the workforce resulted from an ageing population. As a result of the declining fertility rate, a rising life expectancies as well as the increased migration level, the median age of the populations is proven to be going up very rapidly (Murray Syed, 2005). Though older employees are generally more experienced and therefore more productive than the younger ones, to a greater extent, they tend to suffer more from physical illness and disability, contributing to a higher level of absenteeism. Also, comparing to the younger employees off the organization, it is always harder for older employees to be innovative and adapt to the changing environment as soon as it takes place (Murray Syed, 2005). However, if one does accept that the older workforce are generally more loyal to the organization and that their views and experiences are valuable, diversity management is very much require d to be carried out by the HR professionals. Diversity management is defined as a process of managing peoples similarities and differences at work (DeCieri Kramar, 2005). A number of policies with respect to diversity management can be introduced in order to address the issue. For example, trainings such as computer course can be provided for older employees to help them in adapting to the new working environment. Welfare like long service leave can also be promoted to specially address the older employees of the organization. While HRM is seen as a valuable competitive advantage of organizations, some might argue that there is also a drawback associated with the concept. HRM is sometimes avoided because it is way too complex and time-consuming to organizations (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). For an effective HR plan to be carried out, a large sum of money and resources are to be contributed. A fully functioned data-base system is required to store the details with respect to the employment relationship such as their positions, trainings and developments and this can be rather complicated to set up without the adequate support from HR specialists (Kane, 1996). Various conflicts of interests are certain to come along when planning and conducting the HR strategies that even the top management of an organization might find it worthless to invest in (Nankervis, Compton Baird, 2008). In conclusion, the concepts of both HRM and SHRM have been discussed. While HRM is defined as policies and systems established by an organization in the focus of an effective utilization of its people to achieve to desired objectives, SHRM is known a pattern of HR developments enabling an organization to reach its goals overtime. A number of theoretical concepts including the unitarist and pluralist approaches, the resource based view of HRM as well as the hard and soft approaches are referenced in the purpose of further explaining the concepts and distinguishing between HRM and SHRM. Two external environmental circumstances, namely the global financial crisis and the ageing workforce are identified in which an organizations strategies in addressing such changes is explored. Last but not least, the criticisms and limitations associated with HRM, such as its complexity and the costly process of setting up the HR data-base system are also taken into account so as to give a thorough und erstanding of the entire concept.

Success in Willa Cathers My Antonia :: Cather My Antonia Essays

Success in Willa Cather's My Antonia The American college dictionary defines success as 1. The favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors, 2. The gaining of wealth, possessions, or the like. This has been the general seances for the past hundred years or more. But in more modern days the prospective of success has changed slightly. It has shifted to having a good education, going to collage, getting a carrier getting married & having children. Having your own home and eventually dying and passing it all on to a child or children. Success is no longer satisfaction or personal goals. It has been supplemented by the goals society has preset for the populous that have been drilled into the minds of the young from the very beginning. To a man named Santiago in The Old Man and The Sea by: Earnest Hemingway, success was to conquer the Marlin Santiago had fought for so long. But as a cruel twist of fate his success is taken away in an instant when the prize he had fought so hard for was eaten by sharks, leaving Santiago with no spoils left to show for his hard fight. He was even so crushed by of the loss of the Marlin that he cried out to the sea "I am beaten.....hear stands a broken man" (234). Santiago still experienced success in the fashion that when he returned to port the little boy named Manolin that he had taught how to fish earlier in the novel was allowed to come back to fish with him. This was the ultimate form of success that was perceived for Santiago by Hemingway. To Jean Valjean in Les Misreables By: Victor Hugo , Valjean's success was represented in the form of going from convict to loving father of a daughter. The little girl named Cosette may not have been his true daughter, but after he had had dinner with a bishop that had seen the possibility of good in he started the transformation of his life. he met Cosettes mother and vowed to save her daughter from the place where she was being kept. The success Valjean experienced was what made hi s character the man that he was. But to Willa Cather in My

Guidance Services

GUIDANCE SERVICES IN ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY & TRETIARY LEVELThe school is expected to provide more than just teaching and instruction. A school programme includes all those activities other than instructional which are carried out to render assistance to pupils in their educational, vocational, personal development and adjustment.GUIDANCE SERVICES IN ELEMENTARYThe elementary school counsellor serves the needs of all elementary students, to help them develop, academically, socially and emotionally. The school counsellor’s role is constantly changing, reflecting the needs of the many people in our school community; children, parents, teachers, and administrators. A variety of services are provided: Guidance LessonsThe elementary guidance curriculum is child-centred and developmental – considers the characteristics and needs of each age and grade level. The curriculum encourages students to:– develop positive self-image – become more aware of the relationships between themselves and others – recognize their own needs and goals Individual Counselling ServicesElementary school counsellors meet individually with students to provide support for school-related issues. The counselling strategies vary with each student’s needs and are provided on a short-term basis as determined by the school counsellor. Students can refer themselves to the counsellor or can be referred by parents, teachers, or other school staff. Group Counselling ServicesElementary school counsellors meet with small groups of students on various topics. Topics are determined by the children’s needs and interests.ConsultationSchool counsellors, parents, and teachers work together to support children. Elementary school counsellors work with parents: – to exchange and gather information – to provide recommendations; and – to discuss parenting concernsElementary school counsellors work with teachers, administrators, and other staff: †“ to provide information, materials and referral assistance – to address student needs, especially within the Instructional Support Team (IST); and – to promote a positive learning environment.Is it time to speak with the counsellor?Parents should feel free to call the counsellor when they notice certain signs of potential problem in their child: – You see a dramatic change in your child’s behaviour. A happy child becomes withdrawn. A friendly child wants to be alone. – There’s been a change in your family. A new marriage, a severe illness, a divorce or a new baby can all effect school work. -Your child begins acting out and fails to respond to your usual methods of discipline. The behaviour that you see at home may also be occurring at school.GUIDANCE SERVICES IN SECONDARYThe Guidance Department is committed to helping students successfully navigate through high school academically, socially, and personally. This begins with the guidance counsellors visiting the middle schools to help 8th grade students make informed decisions about course selection and getting involved in school activities at the high school. This is done in conjunction with an eighth grade parent night to introduce parents to the high school. ONCE STUDENTS HAVE TRANSITIONED IN AS FRESHMEN, meet the ninth graders in groups to stress the importance of being an active participant in their high school education. It is important for students to understand early on that the decisions they make as freshmen can impact their future plans.IN THE SOPHOMORE YEAR, administer the PLAN assessment to all 10th graders and then schedule individual meetings with the students and parents to begin the discussion and planning for what comes after high school. We often refer to this meeting as â€Å"The Kick-off† to the college planning process. BY JUNIOR YEAR, students should be in full gear with their post secondary planning and help jump start this by providin g students with the tools to get started in group sessions. THE COMPREHENSIVE GUIDANCE PLAN CULMINATES IN THE SENIOR YEAR , with individual meetings with seniors and  their parents to help guide them through the post-secondary and college application process. -Donna Lyons, Director of GuidanceTHE GOALS OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELING PROGRAM ARE:†¢To help students in developing the ability to make decisions regarding personal, social, and educational matters. †¢To assist parent/guardian(s) in developing skills needed to support the student’s post-secondary enrolment and career exploration processes. †¢To support personalized assessment of the educational and career options available to each student. †¢To make appropriate referrals concerning community and school resources. †¢To assist students, parents, and others involved in addressing concerns and issues associated with the classroom and school environment. †¢To assist in the implementation of progr am accommodations granted as part of approved special education Individual Education Plans (IEP) or regular education 504 plans.Test PreparationThe Guidance Services Department at most schools offers students test preparation materials to help the students prepare for the various standardized tests they are exposed to during their middle school and high school careers.Program PlanningProgram planning is another key service offered by guidance departments. Program planning involves helping the student decide what classes he wants to take during his middle school and high school career. Program planning not only helps the student decide what electives to take and what classes are best for his academic abilities, it ensures that the classes the student is taking fulfil the high school's graduation requirements.Individual/Group CounsellingIndividual counselling and group counselling comprise counselling sessions held between a guidance counsellor and a student or group of students. Thes e sessions seek to address psychological, social and academic issues that can range from problems with school work, to bullying, to health concerns like depression. During these types of sessions, the parents of the student may be contacted and the student may be referred to an outside agency if the  problem warrants such action.College/Career PlanningThis service seeks to help students decide what they want to do after they are finished with their high school career. If the student wants to attend college after high school, the school selection and application process can be overseen or aided by the guidance counsellor. If the student wishes to enter the workforce immediately after high school, the guidance counsellor can aid the student in finding work, resume building, interview etiquette and many other employment-seeking skills.Guidance and Counselling has been defined as a profession involving an â€Å"integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual p rimarily by helping him /her to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her present and future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs.†(RA 9258, Rule 1, Section 3) The PSHS-CARC Guidance Program is based on the needs of the starting campus and its budgetary limitations.Sponsored Link2014 Scholarships Scholarships for Students Undergraduate, Masters, PhD etc scholarship-positions.comGUIDANCE SERVICES IN TERTIARYInformation This refers to the intentional and purposive delivery of information to students; the primary purpose is to enable students to use said information to guide their choices and actions inside and outside of the University. Information varies and may be categorized as institutional, educational, occupational, and personal. Modes of delivery include dissemination through bulletin board, postings, flyers, brochures, orientations, meetings, and consultations.Individual InventoryThis refers to the process of accumulating and analyzi ng information about students on an individual basis through the use of an inventory form and through routine interview. Data solicited may include demographic information, academic records, psychological assessment data, and personal needs and problems. Data may be used to check for students who may need  counselling or specialized guidance services, and to inform the development and enhancement of student services.TestingConsistent with the objective of being able to assess relevant educational and psychological data from students, a testing program is designed and implemented. The testing program aims to help the students gain understanding of their needs and personality, to realize their potentials, to identify their strengths and weaknesses, and to know the implications of these. The main task of this service is the administration, scoring, and interpretation of standardized psychological tests of personality, interest, needs, aptitude, and intelligence, as well as the develo pment and use of affective scales that can be used to come up with a more complete picture of a student's traits or characteristics.CounsellingThis refers to the purposive interaction between student and counsellor, individually or in groups where the needs, problems, or difficulties of the student are shared, examined, and processed with the end goal of empowering the student to effectively manage his concerns. Areas of concern can be academic, personal, or social in nature and may focus on one's personality, emotion, attitude, values, or actual behaviour, Students can avail of counselling voluntarily (walk-in) or by referral from faculty, counsellors, parents, and other students.Personality Education Program This is a curriculum-based psycho-educational program designed to facilitate the total personality development, psychological wellness, and life adjustment of students.Career DevelopmentThis refers to the set of services specifically designed to assist students in their career planning and choices. These services can be categorized as career education (i.e. seminar on writing an effective resume); career information (i.e. job postings); and career placement (i.e. job fair).Special Guidance ServicesDevelopmental Learning SessionsThis refers to seminars or workshops facilitated by counsellors or invited resource persons on topics not covered by the information service and personality education classes. The aim of such program is to facilitate the learning experience of students on a wide variety of topics that could help them in their adjustment in school and life in general.Psychotherapeutic Intervention ProgramThis refers to programs specifically planned, designed, and implemented to meet the need of a particular group of students (i.e. athletes, single-mothers). The aim of such program is to promote psychological wellness and prevent future incidents of maladjustments or to remedy an already existing case of maladjustments among students belonging to sp ecial target groups.Research and EvaluationResearch is a guidance function where the counsellors develop and implement research plans that would generate empirical data about students and student’s life that could be used to inform policy and decision-making in the University, especially on matters relevant to student welfare and development, and to inform the direction and suitability of the various guidance services.Evaluation is a guidance function where the counsellors develop and implement assessment and evaluation plans that would provide soft and hard data on the quality, results, and impact of the various student services and programs. Evaluation data can be used as basis for enhancement of existing programs and development of new programs. Referral and ConsultationCounselling or clinical cases deemed beyond the level of expertise or resources of the faculty counsellors are referred to others to ascertain that students in such cases would be able to benefit from the b est available intervention.Follow-upThis refers to the formal and systematic monitoring of the individual progress of current students who have undergone academic advising, counselling, referral, placement, or any special intervention program. Returning students and those who are in academic probation are also monitored whenever needed. http://www.pnu.edu.ph/page/osass_guidance.php

Morgan Motor Company Essay

Morgan Motor Company (MMC) began as a family company and has remained that way over the years. Decisions were largely driven by steady demand for their luxury product. Traditionally, decision-making was premised on production quotas that kept supply slightly behind demand. While the company made a profit, it was not enough to sustain the company in the long term due increasing costs caused by inefficient methods of production. The key area for improvement was strategic planning based on detailed and accurate information. The implementation of the strategic plan would require a review of human resource management practices in order for MMC to develop into an organisation that valued continuous innovation. MMC could gain valuable information about its environment through SWOT analysis, which could be used to inform strategic planning decisions. The company survived difficult circumstances (e. g. World War II) and demonstrated its ability to diversify through the manufacture of munitions. Another key strength is the global demand for their differentiated product. Its domestic and international appeal creates an important opportunity to further expand its global customer base. However, the potential threat associated with this opportunity is uncertainty in a number of dimensions in MMC’s â€Å"general environment† (Samson & Daft, 2009). Economic and political and legal factors in other countries could potentially impact on MMC’s sales, as was the case in the late 1960s where strict emission control regulations caused their US market to collapse. In this instance, domestic demand absorbed its impact and highlighted the importance of maintaining a diverse client base that could absorb the impact of any environmental changes. A sales and marketing department that is production led is ineffective in improving revenue and achieving the aim of increased profits. Additionally, this production led sales creates an artificial view of demand for its product. Thorough research of its client attributes coupled with careful planning and stronger collaboration between the sales and marketing and production departments enables the formulation of agreed sales targets. The key benefits of setting targets are: 1. integration with production planning, which reduces the likelihood of over-investment in inventory; 2. a proactive sales and marketing department that devises strategies to improve sales; and 3. measureable targets that can be used to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness. Despite having a keen and loyal workforce, the presence of change aversion confirmed that incremental change was initially more effective than radical change which may have created an unproductive atmosphere of dissent amongst its workforce. Moreover, steady demand for their product led to complacency, which justified Peter Morgan’s caution about change. This could be interpreted as lack of vision and is reflected in the lack of innovation and under-capitalisation of MMC’s machine shop. In a study done on Toyota (UK) Ltd. , it was noted that the traditional car manufacturing base in the UK was located in the West Midlands and these were â€Å"rich in precision engineering skills† (Winfield & Kerrin, 1996, p. 50). MMC’s proximity to this manufacturing hub created opportunities for research and development by inspecting some of these manufacturers in an effort to improve their production practices and processes, specifically focussing on how technology could be used to improve efficiency. This acknowledgement of the power of technology finally came in the form of Charles’ introduction of a manufacturing resource planning computer system and use of CAD/CAM. Perhaps differences in generational attributes enabled Charles Morgan to more easily embrace technology. However, the positive outcome was product innovation such as design features to improve aerodynamics. Examination of how human resource management practices could transform MMC from an organisation where everyone defends their own corner into a team-based learning organisation was a natural progression once management accepted the need for change. In the first instance, focus should be on developing managers to help facilitate organisational change (Waldersee, 1997) and enable them to be effective role models within the company. Training solutions and interventions should target general areas such as effective teamwork and communication, motivating workers and encouraging innovation. Additionally, where there are identified skills gaps, it should also target content-specific areas e. g. contemporary sales and marketing practices would make up for the sales director’s lack of recent sales experience. Once again, Charles was led by example by enrolling in an MBA, thus demonstrating his commitment to ongoing education and development. Although collectivism has traditionally been associated with eastern cultures (Hartel, Fujimoto, Straybosch, & Fitzpatrick, 2007), motor companies like Ford and Toyota moved away from Taylorism and demonstrated the value of teamwork in vehicle manufacturing (Winfield & Kerrin, 1996). However, MMC’s reward system of individual production bonuses did not acknowledge the value of teamwork. Moreover, an unspecified dollar amount that was eroded by inefficiencies in the production process did not provide an incentive to improve production. Not only should these individual production bonuses be quantified, the company should also consider a reward system for foremen to acknowledge their efforts in encouraging individuals and teams to achieve higher production. The present day success of MMC is testament to management’s vision and commitment to continuous product and process innovation. Examination of their website confirms their ability to stay current through value adding which resulted in features in their cars such as lightness and environmental friendliness. This has enabled them to cater both for the on-road user and the racing arena, as is evident in the videos available on their website. Furthermore, offering factory tours not only gives potential customers insight into the manufacturing process, it also provides the company with the opportunity to share some of its knowledge with others. The insight gained by watching the video on MMC’s factory processes makes it evident that the MMC today is collaborative both internally and with its external stakeholders.

Ðelevision manufacturing Essays

Еelevision manufacturing Essays Еelevision manufacturing Essay Еelevision manufacturing Essay In general, as a technology moves from the early stages of laboratory development to widespread acceptance in the marketplace, the forecasting methodologies that are most appropriate move from qualitative to quantitative techniques. Since technological forecasting is employed to predict long-term technological developments, the methods used are generally qualitative (Donnelly, n. d. ). Trend Extrapolation A forecast can be generated by observing a change through time in the character of something and projecting or extrapolating that change into the future (Cornish, 1977, p.108). In making such a forecast, the focus is on the long-term trend, so short-term fluctuations are disregarded. Trend extrapolations require that the forecaster have an understanding of the factors which contributed to change in the past, and possess confidence in the notion that these factors will continue to influence developments in a similar fashion in the future (Schwarz, Svedin, Wittrock, 1982, p. 20). One commonly employed approach to trend extrapolation involves the use of growth curves (Cornish, 1977, pp. 110-111). Growth curves are loosely based upon the notion that the growth of a technology can be charted in the same way organic growth can be charted. For example, the growth in height and weight of an individual can be charted, and will commonly display a pattern which indicates a leveling off around early adulthood (Donnelly, n. d. ). As an illustration, Martino (1983) describes how this particular technique can be used in charting and forecasting the growth in, and leveling off, of the number of cable television subscribers (Donnelly, n. d. ). Regarding the accuracy of trend extrapolation as a forecasting technique, Ascher (1978) questions its objectivity and reliability (p. 183). Schnaars (1989) goes even further and admonishes forecasters to discount trend extrapolations. Schnaars notes that trends and patterns have no life of their own and are susceptible to sudden changes, and that focusing on trends alone is often a search for the will-o-the wisp (p. 152). As an example of a misuse of trend extrapolation, Schnaars notes the actions taken by American electronics firms with regard to television manufacturing. Through the 1950s and the 1960s, television sets steadily grew larger. As American firms continued to make large, cabinet-based systems, Japanese firms began to concentrate on making portable sets (Donnelly, n. d. ). Delphi Forecasting Model Delphi Analysis is used in the decision-making process, in particular in forecasting. Several experts sit together and try to compromise on something upon which they cannot agree. In fact, the Delphi procedure is designed for the systematic solicitation of expert opinion. Many things can influence Opinions in-group settings, including the dominant positions of some participants, personal magnetism, alleged expertise, and fringe opinions. The Delphi technique is a method of obtaining what could be considered an intuitive consensus of group expert opinions. The accuracy of the forecast produced is limited by the quality of opinions provided by the experts, and it should be noted that some authors (such as, Challis and Wills, 1970 and Wise, 1976) have questioned the accuracy of the opinions of specialists (Donnelly, n. d. ).

Analysis of Small Molecule Analogues of the helminth immunomodulator Dissertation

Analysis of Small Molecule Analogues of the helminth immunomodulator ES-62 for inhibitory effects on mast cell function - Dissertation Example However, particularly in countries where helminth infections are endemic, these diseases remain comparatively rare. There is increasing evidence indicating that helminth infections and inflammatory diseases share an inverse relationship. Therefore, helminths have been the focus of recent studies. William Harnett and his team discovered an immunomodulator ES-62 secreted by a parasitic worm that is known to hold a strong cure for allergic and autoimmune diseases, such as asthma and arthritis. However, there are some practical implications associated with a high level of ES-62 production that renders it unable to be used as a drug. Hence, it is hypothesized that synthesis of ES-62 derived SMAs based around its Phosphorylcholine moiety can mimic the effect of the parent molecule and have a potential to be used as a drug for clinical trials. This project investigated the effect of SMAs on mast cells by implementing the Rat Basophilic leukaemia degranulation assay in which SMA 53 and SMA S 3 were found to inhibit Fc?RI-mediated mast cell proliferation. Also, a substantial decrease was observed in IL-6 and TNF-? cytokines production. The data presented here established that some SMAs certainly have potential to induce the same effects as ES-62 and thus to be used as a therapeutic agent. Introduction Tropical parasites disease affects millions of people throughout the developing world. These infectious diseases cause long term suffering which leads to significant economical damage. For this reason, The World Health Organization has committed to fight and extirpate many of the most costly diseases (W.H.O, 1990). 1.1 Filarial nematode Filarial nematodes are thread like worms that infect up to 1/3 of the human population and cause diseases such as river blindness and elephantiasis (Harnett and Harnett, 2010). People infected by these worms appear to be comparatively asymptomatic, even when they are carrying a noticeable parasite burden (Harnett et al., 2010). According to a number of reviews, infected individuals can harbour more than one type of parasite, but major tissue habitants of humans are the filarial nematodes which usually live in the lymphatic system or the subcutaneous tissue (Harnett and Harnett, 2008a; Schmidt and Roberts, 1989). Infection with such worms is transmitted to humans by blood-sucking insects that act as an intermediate host; they do this by transferring L3 stage larvae to humans (Harnett and Harnett, 2008a). Fig. 1: This diagram illustrates the life cycle of filarial nematode and how the worm is transmitted into the human body [6]. The duration of these infections are very long as an individual worm can survive for up to 10 years, which indicates the importance of this parasitic worm in the medical field (Harnett et al., 2010; Harnett and Harnett, 2008a; W.H.O, 2000). Over the past decade it has been hypothesised that filarial nematodes may protect against autoimmune and allergic inflammations. For this reason, parasitic ne matodes have been involved in many recent studies and there is now enough evidence to prove that nematode-derived immunomodulators play a fundamental role in preventing inflammatory diseases in the human populat

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANISATION - Essay Example Until present, information itself was not well thought-out as an imperative asset for an organization. The management course of action was thought-out a face-to-face, personal art and not a far-flung, comprehensive coordination course of action. While at the present time, it is extensively acknowledged that understanding information systems is indispensable for managers for the reason that most organizations require information systems to continue to exist and make money (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.4). The term information system can be described technically as a collection of interconnected components that bring together, process, store, and distribute information to carry decision making and control in an organization (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.7). In addition to facilitating decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also facilitate managers and workers evaluate troubles, think about multifarious issues, and produce new products. Information systems include inf ormation about important people, places, and things inside the organization or in the environment surrounding it. In the above context, by information we mean data that have been fashioned into a structure that is understandable and functional to the human beings. On the other hand, data are collection of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been prepared and arranged into a structure that people can identify and make use of it (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.7). In its most fundamental type, an information system is a technique that helps people bring together, store, organize, and make use of information (Norton 2001, p.455). Ultimately, the information system is the computer’s basis for being. For the reason that there are numerous types of information and it can be used in countless ways, numerous kinds of information systems have been built. For case in point, it is correct, if we