Life Experience Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beneficial Experience - Personal Statement Example I perceived that I required a coach or good example that exemplified those attributes, however I simply didn't have the favorable luck of discovering one to which I could undoubtedly relate. In my previous years, I dropped out of secondary school at that point eventually got a GED with the goal that I could seek after my fantasy about returning to class and study to turn into a medical attendant. I began in a school program, however dropped out. I'm certain my sentiments of insufficiency about not being sufficiently brilliant to do well in school were inferable partially to not finishing secondary school. Furthermore, I had increased greater duty and accordingly, less an ideal opportunity to chip away at my own objectives and targets. I had gotten hitched and had youngsters to think about, so the obligation of dealing with a family and home alongside making a promise to a noteworthy scholarly objective was hard to envision. At first my significant other was who I depended on for help and inspiration. He and my youngsters were my life and I was content until conditions at last prompted a separation. The existence change and injury of that occasion additionally strengthene d my considerations of deficiency and I battled with my disappointment in managing life. Obviously, that was an absurd idea since the experience at last showed I had the solidarity to proceed and to flourish paying little mind to his inclusion, however that acknowledgment came a lot later. As a

Sildenafil Essays

Sildenafil Essays Sildenafil Essay Sildenafil Essay Presentation: Sildenafil, a medication which is utilized for mediation of erectile disfunction ( frailty ) in work powers, was found in 1986. It s find can be called as an outline of good fortune. A cardiovascular research program was conveyed by the Pfizer to get a new medication for the pneumonic hypertension or angina. This chase had brought about find of Viagra, the principal unwritten mediation for the erectile disfunction. It is a phosphodiestrase ( PDE ) inhibitor type 5, which expands blood stream to elastic tissues of phallus and keeps up hard-on which is vital for sex. This find had carried answer for ineptitude which was endured by 1000000s of work powers. It was licensed in 1996 and was affirmed by the USFDA at March 27, 1998. Sildenafil was discharged in the market by the exchange name VIAGRA for erectile disfunction what's more accessible each piece REVATIO as mediation of pneumonic hypertension ( Hossein A.Ghofrani et Al. 2006 ) . Sildenafil is the main unwritten mediation which is accessible in the market as unwritten intercession for erectile disfunction in work powers ( Jim Kling 1998 ) . Foundation: Sildenafil is utilized to deal with erectile disfunction. Erectile disfunction is a malady where hard-on of phallus is non accomplished or kept up which is required for sex. Erectile disfunction can be brought about by sicknesses, for example, diabetes, hypertension or mental surprises, for example, accentuation, nervousness and so on. It is a typical illness between work powers matured somewhere in the range of 40 and 70 mature ages. Prior to the find of Sildenafil, intercessions, for example, vacuity treatment by penial siphon or penial prosthetic gadget medical procedure are utilized to deal with erectile disfunction. Vacuum siphons were accessible on doctor s medicine however penial prosthetic gadget medical procedure was done if all else fails. It includes insertion of stunning bars in phallus which was non much great ( Anon 2008a ; Chris Steidle 2009 ) Revelation: Sildenafil was found by a gathering of pharmaceutical researchers of Pfizer Company arranged at sandwich, Kent. In 1984, a cardiovascular research program was done by these researchers to happen another medication which has significant result in occurrence of angina or hypertension. Nitrates are the diffusible gases which starts change of guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) which is liable for a course or responses doing vascular musculus unwinding. Along these lines, nitrate show hostile to anginal outcome which is required yet it s activity is constrained by attracted out presentation to nitrates ( Parker and Parker 1998 ) . PDE compounds proceed onward cGMP and do it s corruption by change overing it again to guanosine mono-or triphosphate. Along these lines, a natural speculation was put frontward by the researchers that to blockade the PDE catalyst and potentiate the activity of azotic oxide ( NO ) . At that cut, 5 sorts of PDE proteins were recognized from which PDE 5 kind of compound was moving simply on cGMP and non on some other cyclic nucleotide. This PDE5 chemical is available in soft tissues of phallus known as head cavernosum. There were no mixes accessible at that clasp demoing amazing PDE5 inhibitory movement. A chase of affirmation of grouped mixes demoing vasodilative impacts lead to a compound, Zaprinast which shows powerless and non-specific inhibitor of PDE5 chemical. It indicated it s vasodilatory action in anesthetized Canis familiaris. Accordingly on, it was created as an enemy of hypersensitivity operator. Be that as it may, zaprinast go about as a lead compound for Sildenafil and more remote modifications were done on development of zaprinast to smother PDE5 catalyst ( Simon F.Campbell 2000 ) . Zaprinast ( 1 ) and guanine ring matches parcels an auxiliary similitude in their fundamental development. The triazolopyrimidinone development of zaprinast and the guanine ring of GTP have comparative dipole minute in size and way ( 9.5 and 7.4 severally ) . From the development of zaprinast and cGMP, it was proposed that this heterocyclic rings are perceived by the dynamic site of PDE protein. Along these lines, adjustments were shipping out on triazolopyrimidinone ring to acquire a ground-breaking drug with high enyme fondness. Moreover, computational surveies indicated that cGMP achieves a syn compliance and zaprinast permits isosteric replacings which favors following with phosphate mediety. Last, it was upheld by X-beam development that heterocyclic ring is imperative for the inhibitory action so it was stayed unaltered ( J.A.Beavo 1995 ) . Subsequent to moving out changes on the parent ring, a pyrazolopyrimidinone development ( UK-122764, 2 ) was found to hold 10 overlap expansion in power against PDE5 and diminished partiality towards other PDE compounds. Yet, still changes were required to be done as to supplant cyclic phosphate ring of unique substrate in the spacial part. In this manner 3-methyl stage was done on the parent ring and a tetrahedreal gathering of sulphonamide was connected to the ring to supplant the cyclic phosphate ring ( Hossein A.Ghofrani, Ian H.Osterloh, A ; Friedrich Grimminger 2006 ) . A significant disclosure came in 1989, when a compound was blended named UK-92480 ( Sildenafil, 3 ) which was holding 100 overlay expansion in PDE5 protein selectivity and extremely less selectivity against the rest of the catalysts of PDE family unit. The piperazinosulphonamide mediety gives lipophilicity to the development of Sildenafil and makes it increasingly dissolvable. In addition, it potentiates the activity of azotic oxide solidly and increment cGMP degrees intracellularly with lesser symptoms. It looks like the development of cGMP which shows competitory concealment of PDE5 compound and it was affirmed as it gave a dose related expansion of 2-4 wrinkle of cGMP in eyetooth coronary arterias ( Robert B.Moreland et al. 1998 ) . Sildenafil cGMP Clinical Development: In 1991, Healthy voluntaries were given an individual measurement of 200mg of Sildenafil as a part of stage 1 clinical tests. These portions were acceptable endured among the voluntaries yet when portion surpass from 150mg, it shows irritations in shading vision. At the point when Sildenafil was given intravenously with glycerin trinitrate, it expands the vasodilatory result of nitrates among the subjects. In this way, Sildenafil ought to be contraindicated or a sheltered way requests to be created to administrate the two medications simultaneously. In 1992, surveies were completed on solid voluntaries who were given 75mg of Sildenafil multiple times a twenty-four hours for 10 yearss. Solid voluntaries announced flushing, concerns, dyspepsia and some of them other than revealed penial hard-ons as reactions. However, this was non taken sincerely at that cut and more distant tests were completed as a cardiovascular overview rock dirt 1993 ( Hossein A.Ghofrani, Ian H.Osterloh, A ; Fried rich Grimminger 2006 ) . However, results show that Sildenafil was non a promising medication for the intercession of hypertension. So in late 1993, new clinical tests were done in solid people suffering from erectile disfunction were done. A Rigiscan gadget holding two cringles was fitted, one cringle at the base and another at the tip of phallus to discover the size and hardness during the sex. Subsequent to moving out two distinctive clinical surveies for around one twelvemonth, outcomes demonstrated that singular dose of Sildenafil indicated hard-on with an added substance portion reaction relationship ( M Bollel et Al. 1996 ) . Further, clinical tests were done in excess of 3000 patients suffering from erectile disfunction of arranged sort, with a normal duration of five mature ages and they were given 25mg, 50mg or 100mg of Sildenafil as portion. These patients were matured between 18-87 mature ages and 21 tests were done in randomized, fake treatment controlled, double visually impaired for a half year with various study structures, for example, analogs, traverse, fixed measurements and titration ( Pfizer Labs 2007 ) . Adequacy of Sildenafil was surveyed with instruments, for example, Rigiscan however predominantly it was evaluated on the balance of International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) which comprise of 15 requests essentially which serves two boss terminal focuses ( Rosen R.C. et Al. 1997 ) . They are: O Ability to achieve hard-on required for sexual entomb class O Maintainance of hard-on after attack The answers were recorded as all out reactions after 4 hebdomads time of clasp. They are: O ( 0 ) No endeavored intercourse O ( 1 ) Never or about neer O ( 2 ) A couple of times O ( 3 ) Some occasions O ( 4 ) Most occasions O ( 5 ) Almost or ever Moreover, a diary was kept by the patients and their sexual data was recorded without anyone else day by day and a discretionary survey was other than controlled for their life partners. Results of patients demoing improvement of hard-ons evaluated by poll in any of the four diverse overview plans for 12 to 24 hebdomads of clasp is appeared beneath which was gotten on the 1797 patients that were described by normal tonss of 2 ( barely any occasions ) on IIEF request ( Pfizer Labs 2007 ) . Treatment gathering In addition, clinical surveies were completed in patients suffering from erectile disfunction brought about by conditions, for example, diabetes or spinal rope hurt. In all examples, Viagra indicated it s outcome and improved hard-on. On all tests, sildenafil improved states of erectile disfunction in 43 % of patients against 15 % of fake treatment ( Pfizer Labs 2007 ) . Target assignment and Validation: During the clinical advancement of Viagra, 6 additional family units of PDE inhibitors were recognized. Along these lines, there are whole 11 sorts of PDE proteins from which Viagra demonstrated high selectivity towards PDE5 than some other else aside from PDE6. It demonstrated just 10 overlap selectivity towards PDE6. Visual imperfections related with Viagras were clarified by wea

How We Worked in Our Group 2

How We Worked in Our Group 2 Give this worksheet to your students at the end of group projects and have them evaluate the group interaction. Scott Foresman, an imprint of Pearson Grade: 3 || 5 Subjects: Mathematics (4,998) TYPE: Worksheets (13,378) Scott Foresman, an imprint of Pearson, the world's leading elementary educational publisher. Its line of educational resources supports teachers and helps schools and districts meet demands for adequate yearly progress and reporting.

`` Two Treatises Of Government `` By John Locke Essay

Our Revolutionary Army took on the greatest superpower of the time, said Colin Powell, former United States Secretary of State and retired four-star general of the United States Army in an interview discussing the Revolutionary War. The British settlers in America became increasingly self-sufficient and felt the British Crown was forcing high tax and denying them their civil liberties. Clearly, the British saw the colonies as a nation they could threaten. However, with a fresh enlightened perspective American s saw the British Crown s action as unjustly and would rebel against the crown. Eventually, The British superpower would be defeated by an unruly, inexperienced, divided America to prevail over the world s mightiest monarch of that time. With the introduction of the Renaissance period, Europe was introduced to the Scientific Revolution. This new induction would lead people away from their religious views and to a new movement called Enlightenment. The Essay Two Treatises of Government published anonymously by John Locke maintained two plausible positions. The first being, divine rights were not given to Monarchs rather; their powers existed through sheer luck of being born into the monarchy. Secondly, Locke believed that governments should only exist by the approval of those governed. Locke s concepts of freedom, law, and the purpose of government were foundational to the modern conception of democracy. As European philosophers challenged the view ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke s Two Treatises Of Government1345 Words   |  6 PagesInstructor: JC Boucher Date: 24 November 2016 Assignment John Locke’s Two Treatises Of Government Most scholarship that links John Locke’s ideas with eighteenth- century representations of childhood approaches children as Lockean pedagogic subjects ready for moral and intellectual education. My essay instead brings to bear on representation of children Locke the political thinker, who articulates in Two Treatises of Government (1689) a person’s right to â€Å"liberty and property.† Locke’sRead MoreClassical Liberalism: Two Treatises on Government by John Locke1152 Words   |  5 Pagesmajority not the rich elite. John Locke, and his book Two Treatises on Government, impacted the Enlightenment by spreading the ideals around the world, which influenced revolutions. Locke wrote that â€Å"the state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions† (Locke. sect 6). This ideal was theRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And His Life1281 Words   |  6 Pagesnation that was the United States of America. John Locke was born in 1632 in the small village of Wrington, in southwestern England. Locke’s father had served for the Parliamentary forces in the English Civil War. As a teenager, John went to the Westminster School in London, and was very successful there, and that brought many more achievements in his life. After he graduated from Westminster, he continued his studies at the Christ Church in Oxford. Locke was very successful at Oxford, and later gotRead MoreBiography of John Locke876 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke was a British born philosopher, physician, and writer that played a significant role in the framework of The United States. He was born in Wrington, England on August 29th, 1632. A father, also named John, who was a country lawyer, and his mother Anges Keene, raised Locke. Both his parents were Puritans, which influenced his later work immensely (John Locke). Locke’s parents sent him to the famous Westminister School in London where he was led by A lexander Popham, a member of ParliamentRead MoreThe Enlightenment Theory Of John Locke1627 Words   |  7 PagesEnlightenment theory philosophies of John Locke offered a future that could drastically change government, economic and social ideals. Thomas Jefferson borrowed liberally from the enlightenment theory from John Locke, specifically focusing on Locks theories of the equality of men, natural rights, and that people should have a say on how the government treated people. Jefferson created a draft document created a bold experiment, America. The enlightenment philosophy of John Locke theorized that that men wereRead MoreJohn Locke1098 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke was born on August 29, 1632 the son of a country attorney and. Locke grew up in and during the civil war. In 1652, he entered the Christ Church (Oxford) where he remained as a student and teacher for many years. Locke taught and lectured in Greek, rhetoric, and Moral philosophy. Locke, after reading works of Desca rtes, developed a strong interest in contemporary philosophical and scientific questions and theories. In 1666, Locke met Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, and from then on, this lifelongRead MoreAge Of Enlightenment755 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual thinkers, such as John Locke, which helped shape and influence modern government and politics. John Locke is recognized as the father of classical liberalism, introducing the Two Treatises of Government, Social Contract, and private property, which formed the basis for the constitutions in westernized democratic powers such as the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The Two Treatises of Government became the most influential pieces of work that John Locke had created during theRead More The Influence of John Locke Essay examples970 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke was someone more than just an ordinary man. He was the son of a country attorney and born on August 29, 1632. He grew up during the civil war and later entered the Church of Christ, Oxford, where he remained as a student and teacher for many years. (Rivitch 23) With a wide variety of political and religious views, he expressed most of his personnel views on education and social and political philosophies. Once he noted the five lasting pleasures throughout his careerRead MoreThe Democratic Republic Which The People Of The Usa Live Under Today1665 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of a political text written to convey the ideals of government. Similarly two historically significant texts, The Federalist No.10 written by James Madison in 1787 addressed to the state of New York and The Second Treatise of Government by John Locke ( an English philosopher) in 1689 make complex assertions about the fundamentals of a government. While Madison and Locke make heavily similar claims on the importance of government in the protection of its members as well as the tenacious emphasis

Essay on Online vs Brick and Mortar Shopping - 1029 Words

Online vs. Brick-and-Mortar Shopping The Internet has changed the way we do virtually everything, including the way we shop. However, shopping is not the only thing that has changed. In the last decade we have changed the way, we apply for loans, study, and even plan a vacation. Doing any of these things would have been impossible a few decades ago. At present, online banking, paying bills, ordering new services, and shopping online have become part of our daily lives. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have been around much longer than online stores, but we cannot deny that online shopping is giving the traditional stores competition. Many consumers still choose to shop at regular brick-and-mortar stores because they like to see and†¦show more content†¦Amazon and eBay attracted the most unique visitors each month to their global e-commerce sites. Forrester Research Inc. estimates that the global online population will be 2.32 billion in 2014. Online shoppers have more options than ever before. Used, hard to find items, and collectables are more accessible thru online shopping. Online shoppers no longer need to drive from one store to the next to find the best deal, and there is no need to stand in long lines making shopping online fast, easy and enjoyable. In addition, a huge benefit of shopping online is that it allows product and specification comparison so you can purchase what you need and pay less. Online stores have a lower overhead than the traditional stores offering better deals, and the consumer is able to find the product they want at a better price. In traditional brick-and-mortar stores, sales have limited quantities at hand, but online stores are able to keep a bigger inventory giving online shoppers more opportunities to find a bargain. In fact, shopping at several stores at the same time guarantees the consumer the best deal. Shopping online is simple, and finding the right product is easier. If you are shopping for a digital camera at the store it might be a little overwhelming to see the camera selection with so many specifications. Sales representatives can sometimes be misleading in an effort to make the sale. Online side-by-side product comparison will allow the consumer toShow MoreRelatedOnline Shopping Vs Brick And Mortar1483 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Times are changing faster than ever. It seems like only yesterday that mail order catalogs, grocery stores, and shopping malls were the places to shop for items for our homes and our lives. As with all things, technology advances us to places we would have scoffed at in times past, and as technology advances, so do our shopping trends. Today, the high-energy bustle of the malls of America is dwindling down to lonely, dilapidated store fronts with â€Å"space forRead MoreOnline Shopping vs Brick and Mortar1459 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Shopping VS Brick and Mortar Ann Gove COMM/155 December 10, 2011 Marianne Raley Online shopping VS Brick and Mortar Does the idea of shopping in Italy, France, or Japan at 3:00 am in your pajamas while snuggled up on the couch sound like a good idea? Then internet shopping is the way to go. As of the first twenty five days of the November- December 2011 Holiday season internet sales totaled 12.7 billion dollars, that’s an increase of 15% since last year. Online shopping dominates theRead MoreOnline Shopping vs. Brick and Mortar Shopping966 Words   |  4 PagesBrick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast in many different ways. Some of the ways are obvious such as one is online and one is an actual store, but there are others that many different people would not even think about if they didn’t shop in both settings regularly. Knowing the benefits of online shopping and shopping in store can not only save a person the hassle of getting out when something may be better to get online, but it can also save a person tons of money knowingRead MoreConsumer Perceptions Towards E Grocery Market1396 Words   |  6 Pagesfacilitates online transaction between business entities and consumer for various product and services. As market penetration of internet is rising which leads to the growth of e-grocery sector in India. Social media has impacted the growth of online consumers dynamically in Tier I cities. Some e-commerce players came up with the online grocery market concept but not able to sustain which reflects about the dynamic environment toward e-grocery. E-grocery allows consumers to purchase grocery online throughRead MoreOnline vs Brick and Mortar844 Words   |  4 PagesJacobie COM170 10/27/2014 Laura L. Dorsey Online vs. Brick-and-Mortar Shopping One of the opportunities we have in today’s world is whether to buy online or go to a brick and mortar store to do our purchasing. The two offer great sales and promotions along with selections from which we can choose. As online shopping and brick and mortar may seem similar; however, both differ in pricing, convenience and selection. Discounts are offered both online and in store which makes it easy for theRead MoreThe Development Of On Line Shopping1234 Words   |  5 Pages Brick and mortar used to be the only means of how we purchased products or services; however that changed with the invention of the WWW. It’s hard to pinpoint an exact date on-lining shopping started. The development of on-line shopping was such a gradual process since its very beginnings to when the first transaction took place. I think the best year to use is 1995, since that was the year when Amazon, Dell, Cisco started selling products to customers online. That same year is also when EBayRead MoreAmazon Case Study996 Words   |  4 Pagesof Amazon.com in July of 1995 was the creation of a new and bold way of doing business on the Internet. Amazon.com forced the traditional physical world brick and mortar retailer in the book industry to change the way they target the industry s consumers and then epitomized Business-2-Consumer e-retailing. Although, Amazon.com started as an online bookstore, according to eRetailNews , they have since spread its wings into other industr ies such as music, DVD, toys, videos etc... Subsequently, thisRead MoreTypes and Functions of Retailers1901 Words   |  8 Pagesliving nearby. Hyperactive Markets: Offers variety of goods in huge volumes at a low price. Supermarkets: Store mainly offering grocery and limited nonfoods item. Malls: Offers wide range of retailers under one roof. E-retailers: Offers product online that are delivered at customer doorstep. Vending machines: Equipment that offer goods upon dropping in of money. All the factors discussed above show us the importance of retailer in the channel of distribution. In spite of these factors, many peopleRead MoreRelationship Between Customer Service And Logistics1403 Words   |  6 Pagesservice and logistics in retail supply chain are becoming more synonymous every day. As competition between traditional and online shopping becomes more intense, expedited shipping options and combined supply chain networks are key. Simply put, delivery speed and logistics dexterity provide customer service with metrics needed to be success. The leading benefit of brick-and-mortar retailers, like Wal-Mart, is the customers’ ability to achieve instant gratification. The ability to compare options, kickRead MoreWeek 4 Workshop Questions Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesWorkshop Questions – Week 4 1. Search the Web for a company that is purely Web based. Next, find the Web site of a competing company that is a hybrid (i.e., they have a traditional brick-and-mortar business plus a presence on the Web). ASOS vs Westfield (a) Explain the pros and cons of dealing with each type of company. An example of a company that is purely Web based would be ASOS and an example of a competing company that is a hybrid would be Westfield. One of the pros of ASOS

Personal Reflection Free Essays

Helping those who can’t help themselves is a wonderfully rewarding, frustrating, fulfilling, but also draining experience. The circumstances surrounding the situation can make it stressful, but worth it once you’ve touched someone’s life. In this essay I will be sharing with you the different types of helpless people as well as share my opinions and ideas about the topic of helping those in need. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now There’s no feeling like the feeling of helping someone that is not capable of helping themselves. The circumstances surrounding the situation can be a lot to handle. For instance, when taking care of a child you are obligated to monitor his or her every movement because a child can easily move into harm’s way. The structure of a child is naturally delicate and fragile so it is extremely important to take that into consideration. Whether the child is playing in a jungle gym or simply running around injury is always a possibility. A child’s immaturity contends to hinder his or her senses so it is up to the caretaker to use their more sensible point of view to make up for that. Children are very curious and adventurous beings and it can be said that â€Å"curiosity killed the cat. † Often children do not consider the possible repercussions of their uninhibited actions. It is an adult’s responsibility to supervise children in the proper manner to prevent them from making harmful or even life threatening decisions. Providing for a child is also a key factor in proper development. Providing for a child includes but is not limited to proper nourishment, a roof over his head, and clothing. Children need to have good sense of security in their lives which will result in them feeling more confident in themselves as they grow older. A baby not being fed is like a cow with no milk, meaning the baby will not operate correctly. Seeing that children are incapable of providing for themselves, the caretaker is responsible for feeding the child even if it requires them to scrape up ends meet. When nourishing a child the caretaker must provide the child with a substantial amount of food to encourage healthy physical growth. Proper clothing is essential. A child should have the right type of clothing for any particular climate or environment. Although it may be deemed as superficial, children ought to have clothing that is tasteful. Children can be quite cruel. No kid wants to be picked on because their attire lacks quality. An adult should know how to protect a child from those experiences because there is a point in time when a child is not aware of certain aspects of life. If anyone is going to take care of a child they had better make sure their foundation is sound environment because I imagine it would be difficult to raise a child in a hostile place. So many kids are forced to grow up in a rough neighborhood or house hold and it’s not fair to them because they have no control over the situation. I personally believe that there are way too many young women that are unqualified to be mothers but they’re having babies left and right. The government should interview and closely inspect some of these young women that are having babies to see what they’re lives are like and where there maternal maturity is before they allow them to take care of a baby. I feel as a result of that in the long run it will save these children’s lives in terms of having a relatively safe and healthy upbringing. Take note that I’m not implying that all young women shouldn’t be able to raise their own babies because they simply have the right too but on the other hand you can’t deny the fact that there is way too many young females getting pregnant that already live in bad conditions so why would anybody want to raise a child in those same conditions. Helping the homeless is another important issue that never seems to go away. I feel everybody in this world should have a roof over their heads and nobody should be forced to sleep outside especially with all the technical advances we have today. The government should build a system that’s makes sure everybody has an equal opportunity to work and have a real place to call home no matter what the circumstances. Of course we all know that a lot of people bring these situations upon themselves but everybody deserves a chance to right there wrongs. Sometimes all a person needs is a second chance to get back on their feet and I don’t feel enough homeless people are getting that chance in life. If the government created a program that picked up all the homeless people off these streets, cleaned them up, and provided them with descent enough paying jobs I feel it would make a positive impact on our communities. It’s easy to look at a homeless person sitting on the side of the street or where ever you might find one and pass instant udgment on them but know one truly knows what that persons been through that got them to that point yet people still cast them out of regular society. All of these people living lavished lives in the suburbs with no financial worries should be contributing towards getting these homeless people off the streets but unfortunately it’s rare to find a rich person with that mentality to go out of their way to help the less fortunate. Handing a homeless person a few dollars is easy to do. It may be a good gesture but in reality it’s really not going to take him/her too far or get them out of the situation there in. The community has to do more to make bigger changes happen but it all starts with the individuals that really want the rewarding feeling of saving another persons life. Lastly, another group of people that could use some help is the elderly. While plenty of the elderly are capable of helping themselves, there are also those who are incapable. They are plagued with conditions that keep them from being able to do certain things. I realize that a high percentage of our younger generation do not seem to think of the elderly in the light that they should. This seems to be rather common in today’s society. In some cases the elderly aren’t capable of doing certain activities so I feel that every elderly person should be provided with free life assistance. That type of help should not be restricted solely to a retirement home. It should be for every elderly person that can no longer perform everyday tasks. If I were in the right position of power I would create a program that allows the elderly to contact a service in which they would have a free membership to receive transportation when needed, grocery delivery, in home physical therapy and free built in security system. All elderly people deserve to have it easy after enduring such a hard, long journey called life, and for their contributions to society. These are some ideas to assist the elderly and prove our gratitude for their lives. Hopefully my opinions and thoughts on helping those in need have sparked an inspiration for you to extend a helping hand to our society. The more compassion and care we show to the people around us, the better society we become as a whole. How to cite Personal Reflection, Essay examples

Religion in the Society

Table of Contents Introduction Importance of the church to African-Americans Future of Religion in America Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Religion plays an important role in the society. More so, the role of religion in shaping the political, economic, and social principles of a religious society is profound (Putnam and Campbell 2). Through the influence of religion in shaping societal principles, the church has had a crucial role to play in the development of different American communities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper focuses on the African-American community and examines the importance of the church to its sustenance. Later, this paper explores the future of religion in America as an indication of what to expect from the growing importance of religion in the American society. Importance of the church to African-Americans The church as an institution has played a pivotal role in shaping the lives of African-Americans. Its importance spans through its political and social significance. For example, historically, African–Americans have depended on the church to support them on social and political issues when most institutions could not. One such example is the fight to abolish slavery. Few institutions spoke about the practice but the church firmly stood for the emancipation of the African-American community from slavery. The church’s stand marked the start of political activism for the â€Å"black† church because African–American ministers often warned against divine punishment for people who supported slavery. African-American Christians were therefore encouraged to question the justification of slavery in the society because it opposed the fundamental principles of Christianity (such as, â€Å"equality† in the eyes of God). Besides the role of the church in advocating for t he abolishment of slavery, the church equally played a pivotal role in the reconstruction of the African-American community. The role of the Church in this regard is especially profound because historically, poverty, chaos, and uncertainties have characterized the African-American community. The church helped the African-American community to overcome these challenges by developing skills and talents for the overall improvement of the community. Initiatives started by African-American missionaries supported this work. Consequently, African-American missionaries built schools and other educational institutions to help the African-American community get the required skills needed for personal growth (Johnstone 332). These initiatives led to the emergence of independent African-American institutions of higher learning.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Challenges of slavery and poor social and economic growth among the African-American community did not capture (fully) the extent of the social, economic, and political issues facing the African-American community. Indeed, as Johnstone (333) says, the African-American community struggled with other pressing social, political, and economic issues, such as, racial violence, racial inequality, and social injustice. The church played a pivotal role in opposing such vices. Mainly, the church played a crucial role in fighting for the rights and freedoms of the African-American community through the civil rights movement. The role of the church in the African community has therefore been monumental and this is why the church has a significant influence in the lives of many African-Americans today. Future of Religion in America Religion still plays a crucial role in the composition of America’s social, economic, and political welfare. However, evolving trends and issues in the American society show that Americaâ⠂¬â„¢s religious life may change significantly (Brown 1). Based on the trends and the history of religion in America, it is safe to foresee a growing religious diversity in America. Brown (1) projects that this religious diversity may manifest (fully) in the next five decades, to symbolize a period where religious diversity affects corporations, communities, and culture. This religious diversity continues the trend of a growing acceptance for diverse religious views witnessed in the American society since 1965 when Lyndon Johnson enacted the immigration act. In other words, from the diversity of the American society, different religious groups are bound to sprout and become part of mainstream American society. In fact, some religious groups, which most Americans considered part of â€Å"world religions† (like Buddhism, Islam, and Sikhs) now form part of America’s religious fabric. Therefore, in the future, religion in America will be more diverse, to reflect the growin g diversity of the American society. Conclusion After weighing the findings of this paper, I am convinced that the church has played a critical role in the development of the African-American community. Its role in uplifting the welfare of African-Americans trace to the slavery period where the church found a political footing in advocating for the rights of African-Americans. Now, the church plays a crucial role in uplifting the social and economic standards of the African-American community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the church continues to tackle several issues facing the African-American community, such as, racial discrimination and social injustice. These insights inform my opinion of the strong importance of the church in improving the social, political, and economic welfare of the African-American community. This paper also demons trates that the future of religion in America mirrors the growing diversity of the American society. In this regard, this paper foresees an expanded religious dynamism in the American society (to reflect the growing tolerance of religious views in America). This diversity will influence corporations, governments, and communities in the future. Works Cited Brown, David 2001, Future Trends in American Religion. Web. https://www.futurist.com/articles-archive/future-trends-in-american-religion/. Johnstone, Ronald. Religion in Society, A Sociology of Religion (eighth edition), London: Pearson, Prentice-Hall, 2007. Print. Putnam, Robert, and D. Campbell. American Grace, How Religion Divides and Unites Us, New York: Simon Schuster, 2010. Print. This essay on Religion in the Society was written and submitted by user Madeline Zamora to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Raylon Stewart Essays - Philosophy, Ethics, Kantianism, Free Essays

Raylon Stewart Essays - Philosophy, Ethics, Kantianism, Free Essays Raylon Stewart Professor Cheryl Hughes Philosophy 110 November 17, 2016 Immanuel Kant Philosopher I mmanuel Kant believes that we should act not according to what we assume the outcome will be in a given situation , but instead act based on our morals . Kant says that every individual should lead a moral life and they should do this by following moral duty . What is moral duty and how does it work? He answers this question by explaining th e "categorical imperative", which is the fundamental principle that ultimately defines moral duty and should affect the decisions we make . Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative states that we should: " Act according to that maxim where by you are, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law" . In other words this means that you should act only in a way where your actions can serve as the basics of a universal law . For example , Tom is in need of some money and has no way to acquire any so he goes to you and asks to borrow money . You being the kind citizen you are agree to loan him money as long as he is able to pay it back . Tom however knowing that he will not be able to pay you back ignores that fact and instead promises to pay you back anyway . According to Kant Tom's action are morally wrong and do not adhere to the categorical imperative because if they did then it would will universally that every individual can make promises and not keep them rendering promises as a whole useless . This goes to show by holding our actions as a universal law we ar e able to make the right decision and do our moral duty according to Kant . Therefore i n the case "lying to save a patient" the doctors who lie and cheat insurance companies in order to save or help the ir patients are considered wrong . They are considered w ro n g because they do not adhere to Kant's categorical imperative and the formation/categorical laws he gives us to determine if something is morally right . According to Kant's first universal law and categorical imperative , a rational being must act as if the maxim of their action were to become through their will a universal law of nature (Kant Pg . 30) . In other words, a person's actions must reflect actions that every rational being should follow as well . In this case, the doctors are lying to save someone life because they believe that every individual should lie in orders to save someone's life . However, the universal law is that everyone should tell the truth making it never ok to lie despite the consequences . The doctors in this case are excluding themselves from th e law and therefore creating a contradiction . Although the doctors may believe it's their duty to save lives they still have to abide by other laws and rules in order to do the right thing . Kant would say that these doctors are not acting in accord ing to moral law in this case and are wrong . Kant's second universal law of the categorical imperative states that you should "act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means" (Kant Pg . 36) . What this essentially means is that people need to treat other humans as rational beings . We must recognize that other humans have goals, dreams and jobs just like us and that we ought to treat them as people instead of objects or using them to get our way . According to Kant, the physicians in this case are not treating the insurance providers as an end but instead as a mean . The physicians are lying to the insurance companies and their workers and usi ng them for their money in order to help their patients . Th is is wrong because the doctors have a duty to treat the

Visa E-1 para comerciantes bajo tratado (import-export)

Visa E-1 para comerciantes bajo tratado (import-export) La E-1 permite a los ciudadanos de ciertos paà ­ses obtener una visa de trabajo para desarrollar o dirigir en Estados Unidos un negocio de comercio (import/export). La primera condicià ³n de la visa es pertenecer a uno de los paà ­ses con los que USA tiene un acuerdo de ese tipo. Listado de pases cuyos ciudadanos o compaas pueden solicitar una visa E-1 Hay que ser de un paà ­s con el que Estados Unidos tiene un acuerdo de comercio que permite privilegios migratorios. Son los siguientes: AlemaniaArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBà ©lgicaBoliviaBosnia-HerzegovinaBruneiCanadChileColombiaCorea del SurCosta RicaCroaciaDinamarcaEsloveniaEspaà ±aEstoniaEtiopà ­a  FilipinasFinlandiaFranciaGreciaHolandaHondurasIrnIrlandaIsraelItaliaJapà ³nJordaniaKosovoLetoniaLiberiaLuxemburgoMacedoniaMà ©xicoMontenegroNoruegaOmnPakistnParaguayPoloniaReino UnidoSerbiaSingapurSurinamSueciaSuizaTailandiaTaiwnTogoTurquà ­aYugoslavia Otros requisitos de la visa E-1 La persona o la empresa que solicita la visa tiene que tener ya un importante intercambio comercial con Estados Unidos. No sà ³lo tiene que tratarse de bienes, sino que tambià ©n pueden ser servicios. Adems, USA debe ser la fuente o destino de ms del 50 por ciento del total de intercambio comercial que tiene el solicitante de la visa. La relacià ³n comercial de importacià ³n/exportacià ³n debe tener un valor econà ³mico sustancial. Las leyes de inmigracià ³n no dicen exactamente cunto, pero sà ­ que debe ser relevante. El solicitante de la visa debe tener experiencia y conocimientos de negocio suficientes para desarrollar y dirigir el negocio. Por à ºltimo, esta es una visa no inmigrante, esto quiere decir que la persona a la que se le aprueba al visa tiene que salir de Estados Unidos una vez que su visa se cancele o no se renueve. Para quines estn pensadas estas visas Para ejecutivos y gerentes de empresas. Generalmente la visa es aprobada en 4-6 semanas.  A diferencia de lo que ocurre con la visa L-1 en el caso de la E-1 no es necesario demostrar haber trabajado con la empresa por dos aà ±os antes de aplicar por el visado.   Para trabajadores esenciales o especialistas. Si bien en estos casos es ms difà ­cil obtener la aprobacià ³n.   Pero si se consigue los trmites son muy rpidos: un par de semanas en la mayorà ­a de los casos. Visas para familiares de personas con una visa E-1 El cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os pueden solicitar una visa derivada. Pueden estudiar en Estados Unidos y solicitar un permiso de trabajo enviando el formulario I-765 al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y pagando la cuota correspondiente. Para las personas interesadas en traer a sus hijos con ellos a vivir en Estados Unidos es de interà ©s familiarizarse con los puntos bsicos del sistema educativo, antes de haber llegado ya al paà ­s y tener que escolarizar a los nià ±os. Adems, se podrà ­a solicitar la visa B para los empleados domà ©sticos del titular de una E-1. Vigencia de la visa Indefinidamente mientras se pruebe el nivel sustancial de la relacià ³n comercial entre Estados Unidos y el paà ­s del solicitante de la visa. En principio se otorga por dos aà ±os, que se puede extender en incrementos de otros dos aà ±os. Pero se puede renovar tantas veces como se necesite. Por regla general cuando el titular de la visa E-1 viaja fuera de Estados Unidos y se vuelve a ingresar se otorga automticamente esa extensià ³n. Pero esto no sucede con su familia que tiene visado derivado y debe pedir la extensià ³n antes de que su visa actual expire. Esto es muy importante para evitar quedarse en una situacià ³n de ilegalidad migratoria. Forma jurdica para la empresa y dnde crearla Existen 10 tipos de empresa que se pueden crear. Se puede elegir la ms conveniente. Asimismo, a la hora de crear un negocio conviene tener en cuenta asuntos como el monto de los impuestos locales y estatales y tambià ©n el nivel de vida, es decir, cunto es el costo de la vivienda, alimentacià ³n, seguro mà ©dico, transporte, etc. No todos los estados brindan las mismas condiciones para hacer negocios siendo estos los considerados como ms pro-business. En Estados Unidos hay grandes diferencias geogrficas y las condiciones de vida pueden ser radicalmente distintas en un lugar o en otro, como demuestra este listado de las 10 ciudades ms caras y de las 10 ciudades ms baratas.  Por lo tanto antes de elegir dà ³nde crear la empresa, es de obligacià ³n asesorarse.   Otras opciones cuando la E-1 no es posible o conveniente La visa E-2 para inversià ³n incluye algunos paà ­ses no presentes en el listado de la E-1. Es una visa parecida, pero diferente. Una de las cosas que hay que tener muy claras respecto a la E-2 es cà ³mo entender la cantidad a invertir. Si ni la E-1 ni la E-2 son opciones, estas  8 posibles visas para fundar una empresa en USA (startup). Adems, hay ms de 20 paà ­ses que permiten obtener la ciudadanà ­a y/o la residencia a cambio de una inversià ³n. Las condiciones y los precios varà ­an.   Por à ºltimo, si se tiene un mà ­nimo de medio millà ³n de dà ³lares para invertir, la visa de inmigrante EB-5 es una opcià ³n. Se obtiene una green card (tarjeta de residencia) para el inversionista y su familia. Y si se decide asentarse en los Estados Unidos ya sea temporalmente con una visa o definitivamente con una green card es muy importante conocer desde el principio temas legales, migratorios y sociales que van a hacer la vida ms fcil.    Curiosidad Los hispanos somos en la actualidad el grupo minoritario ms numeroso en los Estados Unidos.   Estas son las 10 nacionalidades de hispanos ms exitosas en Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Critical analysis of the issues effecting global ecological integrity Essay

Critical analysis of the issues effecting global ecological integrity and how they impact on the health of populations - Essay Example Mcmichael (2001) defined the development of human frontiers geographic, climatic, and intellectual and technical has met many setbacks from disease, starvation and deteriorating resources. The communal and ecological revolutions wrought by agrarianism, industrialization, fertility control, social transformation, urbanization and mass utilization have intensely exaggerated patterns of health and disease. These days, as life expectancies rise, the planet's ecological units are being dented by the combined weight of populace size and exhaustive economic activity. Global warming, stratospheric ozone diminution and loss of biodiversity cause large-scale risks to human health and endurance. Human population and individual health eventually depend on the veracity of ecosystems and the ecosphere (i.e., without an environment competent of supporting life, no population and, hence, no health can exist). Healthy populations can subsist in restricted environments that have lost their ecological integrity such as most urban constituency only if healthy ecosystems subsist elsewhere to sustain them. This is a purpose of technology and trade and is a trait of human culture that exceptionally differentiates humans from other animal genus reliant on their local environments. That is, human health can be retained by healthy ecosystems (or, at least, productive ones) elsewhere. In this technique, the local population inflicts its ecological footprint on the global commons and on other regions or countries (Rees and Wackernagel 1996; Wackernagel and Rees 1996; Rees 1996, 1997; Pimentel et al. 2000). This interregional dependency can unclear the connection linking people and their health with the health of ecosystems. "To help define shared perceptions of long-term environmental issues and the appropriate efforts needed to deal successfully with the problems of protecting and enhancing the environment, a long-term agenda for action during the coming decades, and aspirational goals of the world community." (Bruntland 1987: ix). It is improbable that increasing "footprints" are sustainable in the long run. The ideas of global commons, ecological health, ecological health, ecology health, ecological integrity and disintegrity, and the like, usually relate to the situation of the biosphere that supports life. Indicators have been developed by agencies such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (WWF 1998) as standard measures that offer a sense of the health of environmental life support systems.

Facebook.com Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facebook.com - Research Paper Example Media researchers and experts today offer new methods to interact that have their basis on the internet as a means of communication. Modern media has created a completely new world, especially in social relations and has managed to create significant changes in the societal communications. The most recent form of human relations has been shepherded by the internet and social networks. Through sharing their private world and minimizing physical distance, Facebook.com and other social networks provide an easier way. Every user is at the same level, apparently, and can experience widespread communication in spite of geographical and political borders. The increasing tendency towards Facebook shows that the internet has been greatly affected by it. Considering this, Facebook.com is a pioneer in social networks and is considered as the world’s largest site. With the spread of Facebook, relations are now wider and closer than they have been in the past. In fact, Facebook has now bec ome a part of people’s lives, which is inseparable; it has both negative and positive effects on a person’s life. It is believed by various experts that Facebook has seen relationships enter a new phase where individuals are more aware of one another faster and better. However, on the other hand, other experts believe that Facebook has created many issues. The excessive use of the social networking site, for example, could lead to serious psychological issues that include sever excitement, egotism, anti-social behaviors, and teenage aggression. Facebook users of all ages, it is believed, are more susceptible to getting psychological disorders than those, not on the site (Foregger 26). Based on an announcement by Facebook, there are 200,000 new users each day, which has turned the site into a human network of hundreds of millions (Kord 41). The networking site’s increasing popularity has led to some remarkable commercial perspectives for internet profiteers as th ey each attempt to take control of some piece of the site. This popularity, meanwhile, has been harnessed in pushing social and political programs. Facebook and other similar social networking sites apparently work to form a space for electronic presence of persons, although they are in the service of intelligence and news organizations (Kord 41). While Facebook membership is free, nothing is ever free, and in order to use the free electronic services provided by Facebook, people have to put most of their mysteries at these network’s disposal (Kord 42). Julian Assange, the founder of whistle blowing site Wiki leaks, claims that the site is probably the most efficient and hateful spying tool that the US government has created to this point. In addition, he contends that that anyone adding their names and their friends’ characteristics to Facebook needs to be aware that he/she is acting in the interest of spying agencies in the United States, acting to complete their dat abase for them. Facebook, according to Assange, acts as a large database of records and names of various individuals that each user puts at the disposal of the site voluntarily. However, the same tool is also used by spying agencies in the US, which have access to the information saved by the user on Facebook, which can be taken as a dangerous means against other countries (Kord 43). A number of experts have also pointed out that Facebook harms family integration, creating numerous issues for families and young people (Golbeck 37). One recent example of this is the incidence in which a number of lawyers from the United States announced that 20% of divorces in the country came from Facebook related incidents. Indeed, Facebook’

Believe in Love at First Sight Essay -- essays research papers

Well I use to believe that love couldn't be made at first sight. But yet now today I do think it happens. I will now share what I think love means. Love is affection, devotion, passion, desire, warmth, respect or loyalty. You choose. It doesn't really matter which one because they are all forms of love. Some are powerful and demand attention while others are more subtle and just below the surface. In recent years, love has drifted from these subtle levels to the more noticeable ones, namely passion. In my opinion, our society downplays the real necessity for genuine affection. By this I mean that we, as a society, spend so much time focusing on only one level of love (passion) that we tend to neglect and not recognize the need for closeness and trust (friendship). Love is an all-encompassing emotion that can be powerful and demanding, but also rewarding and pleasurable. Love is commitment. To love means to commit oneself without guarantee, to give oneself completely in the hope that our love will produce love in the loved person. Commitment can be called the backbone or building block of love. In other words, commitment is needed in order to build a stable and trusting relationship. Without commitment, love would not be able to grow and flourish. It can be extremely demanding on someone who isn't ready or sure that they want to commit to another person. I do have to admit that sometimes this can be extremely difficult and may leave one feeling a bit vulnerable. Commitment is the ability to take a risk and to accept the possibility of disappointment or pain. Again, I have to agree that commitment can be demanding, but to look on the bright side, it can also be rewarding. To be able to stay in ... ...t quench Love, nor floods wash it away." (Songs 8:7) Love is powerful and beautiful if one knows how to show and possess it. Granted it can cause problems, but it has answers too. To say that love is subjective would be an understatement, but in order to have it we must first look within ourselves. Love is having compassion for others, sharing feelings and your life with another person, as well as, having faith in others and forgiving those we love for the any errs that they may make. Most of all, we must be committed to those we love. Of course, this is only my opinion. No matter how long I try to explain what love is ultimately it is up to you, the reader, to define what love is to you. So let me leave you now with the words of the great Humanist Erich Fromm, "Can anything be learned about the art of love, except by practicing it?"

Instructional Materials Essay

Social Studies can be defined as a discipline in which we can learn about our world and man’s interaction with his immediate and remote environment. Since Social Studies deals with how men interact with its social and physical environments, how can this interaction of physical and social environment be learnt by the pupils? This can be learnt in the classroom where teaching and learning cannot be conducted by the teacher by merely feeling his pupils with facts and information. There is need to expose the pupils to varied activities. The environment of the child is rich in varied resources. The teacher should utilize these varied resources to promote or stimulate learning among his pupils. Pupils learn positively not by hearing alone but by seeing and doing. How can the teacher stimulate the pupils’ interest? This can be done by the use of instructional materials. Instructional materials are meant to stimulate pupils’ interest in the classroom for meaningful learning to take place. They also afford the pupils the opportunity to make use of more of their senses in the process of learning experiences which are not available in the classroom or school environment, are â€Å"brought† to the classroom for pupils’ attention through the use of instructional materials. For example, the use of the map of the world in teaching some topics in social studies enables the teacher to bring to class these learning experiences. â€Å"This is why instructional materials is said to be aids to learning rather than teaching†. 1.2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The study was planned mainly to: a. Provide useful information which will contribute in some ways to the improvement of the teaching of social studies in Nigeria primary schools through the effective use of instructional materials. b. Generate data that will help school administrators in their policy formation as regards the use of instructional materials in schools. c. Make available valuable information that will be helpful to educational technologist in their design of appropriate instructional materials for schools. 1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Nigeria is a potentially a great Nation. But for the Nation to fully attain the enviable position of greatness, her citizens must be dedicated honest, patriotic and hardworking. This is why the federal Government of Nigeria is at present embarking on the project of re-branding the country with the theme, great Nation, good people. Educators have rightly identified social studies as one subject that can help to make these lofty dreams of greatness a reality. Therefore, it cannot be overemphasized on the need to effectively teach this subject through the use of instructional materials. Here has the importance of this study. It will be expected that result of this study may be useful in the following ways: a. Enabling social studies teacher to realize more than ever before the importance of the use of instructional materials while teaching especially social studies. b. Providing more useful information for social studies teacher as regards the various instructional materials they can employ in teaching. c. Providing more useful information for prospective designs of instructional materials on the need to provide suitable instructional materials for use in schools. 1.4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM It is the consensus among scholars in Nigerian that social studies is one subject that is crucial to the realization of the Nigeria dream of greatness. This is the reasons why social studies in one of the cone subjects at the primary school and junior school levels. However, it seems the teaching and learning of the subject is hampered by the problem of lack of in adequate use of instructional materials. Therefore, the problem of this research is to look at the problems surrounding the use of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in primary schools. Specifically, this study has attempted to provide answers to the following research questions. 1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Do primary school teachers use instructional materials while teaching social studies? 2. Are primary school social studies teachers aware of the benefits of using instructional materials in teaching? 3. Does the use of instructional materials in teaching have any impact on pupils’ performance in primary school social studies? 4. Could the non use of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in primary schools be as a result of their being inadequate? 5. What contribution does the use of instructional materials have on the teaching and learning of social studies? 1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this research has been limited to some selected primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State. The project is to examine the impact of instructional materials in teaching of social studies in selected primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Areas. And also to know how learning can be stimulated in primary schools pupils. The limitation is due to financial and time constraint. 1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. SOCIAL STUDIES: Social Studies can be defined as a study that equips learners with tools such as attitude, values and skills necessary in solving personal and community related problems. Social Studies is also a study of a man and his environment. It is also the study of many interactions with his physical and social environment. It is a study of how man lives in the society, what he does, how his life is affected by things, people as well as social practices around him. 2. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: These are the resources used to facilitate teaching and learning. 3. TEACHING: This can be defined as the conscious and deliberate efforts by a matured or experienced person to impact knowledge, information, skill, attitude and beliefs to an immature or less experienced person. Is also a systematic way of impacting knowledge on to the people. 4. ENVIRONMENT: These are what we interact within our surroundings likes highlands, lakes, rivers and vegetations e.t.c. 5. LEARNING: Advanced knowledge gained by careful study. Is also a permanent changes in behavior due to past experiences. 6. FACILITATING: Make learning easy without any difficulty 7. ABSTRACT: These are what we cannot see in our surroundings 8. IMPACT: The important or the value one devices from doing something 9. STIMULATING: The art of reasoning quickly and thought and feeling CHAPTER TWO 2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW The art of teaching and learning involves the interaction of both the human and materials resources in a classroom setting. Since human beings are social animals and they cannot live in isolation, they have to socialize and interact among themselves and with environment. This brings us to the question† What is Social Studies†? Social Studies can be defined as study that equips learners with tools such as attitudes, values, skills necessary in solving personal and community related problems. Information and knowledge gathered from reading books, journals, research works may reveal the area which have not been adequately researched into to us. Furthermore, reviews of literature sometimes provoke the urge to carry out a research based on what we read in the books or journal. Teaching and learning materials can be defined as any device piece of equipment, graphic representation, sound reproduction or illustration that helps the pupils to learn. Generally, instructional materi als are used to reinforce and to enrich the mastery of the subject matter. The roles of instructional materials have been of great importance to teaching in primary schools. According to Awosolu et al (1997), quoting Alani et al (1995) he said that since most pupils in primary schools are still very young, their intellectual abilities may not allow abstract presentation in facts without having to complement the content with concrete materials. It is in this regard that instructional materials are perceived as â€Å"aids to learning rather than aid to teaching†. Lawton and Dufour and Dahunsi (1979) classify social studies instructional materials in the following: 1. PICTORIAL MATERIALS: These include globes, maps, posters, flip and well charts diagrams. 2. PRINTED MATERIALS: These include textbooks, reference books, supplementary books, work books, journals, newspapers and magazines. 3. BOARDS LIKE: Chalkboard, Flannel or felt boards 4. MECHANICAL AIDS: These are audio-visual equipment and materials. Having known the various instructional materials, they serve as information carriers which are designed specifically to fulfill objectives in a teaching learning situation. In fact, learning resources in social studies are multi various and limitless. Social studies by its nature and content deals with the realities of men living in his complex environment. Hence, anything has to do with man’s behavior and interaction as a social behavior qualifies as an instructional materials in social studies. It is therefore possible to employ as many instructional materials as possible when teaching any topic in social studies because they help to stimulate pupils’ interest and reduce the numbers of verbal responses. A lot has been written on the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning of social studies. Agun (1988) asserts that many curriculum innovations like inquiry or problem solving method of instruction or learning how to learn may not be meaningfully and effectively implemented without the use of a wide variety of learning resource. Generally, instructional materials are used to reinforce and enrich the mastery of the subject matter. As a matter of fact, Durojaiye (1978) declared that there is a large number of failure due to the fact that teacher are not doing their work as conscientiously as they should. The critics feel that schools no longer offer true learning and creativity to their pupils. Supporting the vies of these critics. Popham (1971) feels that social studies teachers and curriculum designers in the schools do not make any significant impact on pupils due to the lack of the use of instructional materials. According to Adusual (1982), instructional materials size could affect teacher’s effectiveness because, the smaller the shape the greater the degree of contact, and more effective the teaching and learning interaction. Assuming that there were adequate number of teaching aids it can be give to each of the pupils, therefore, the teaching of social studies without making use of instructional materials is not helping his pupils to learn. 2.2. THE IMPORTANCE OF USING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS It is pertinent for teachers to become aware of the benefits that accrue from the utilization of instructional materials in order to intensity their efforts at achieving effective result in their teaching activities. Weaver and Bollinger (1949) identified the following advantages: 1. They attract and hold intention: A verbal explanation become more effective in attracting and creating interest when supplemented by a visual aid. 2. Instructional materials help retention of information and visual images. The major part of the things people heard are forgotten in a relatively short time and it becomes difficult to recall accurately what is heard. On the other hand, the things they see make a more lasting impression and they experience considerably less difficulty in calling the object or process with increased accuracy. 3. They help informing correct images: People often interpret information in term of their own background of experiences. Consequently, it is possible and quite probable for a group of learners to form entirely different ideas about the same things as a result of verbal description. The use of instructional materials helps to eliminate this inconsistency. 4. They assist in understanding proper relationships of components parts. 5. More of the benefits, teachers can reap when instructional materials are used in the teaching process: According to Ogunmilade (1984) the ability it provides in the share of expertise, helping knowledge to reach a lot of people. Simultaneously preservation of records and documents. Bringing before us what otherwise could have looked imaginary or far-fetched; enriching learning and allowing students to learn at their own rate. Furthermore, using of instructional materials makes teaching more effective and facilitates also to master the topic taught to the learner. Finally, using of instructional materials make learning easier and pleasurable at the same time concretize the learning process in the learners. 2.3. PROBLEMS FACING THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN SCHOOLS In spite of the numerous benefits accruing from the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning situation its application in our schools has been discouraging because of the following process: 1. Lack of Direction: This is characterized by lip service, paid to use to educational technology in high quarter. Apart from the meager budgetary provisions often made by governments for instructional materials, when it comes to implementation, the funds are hardly released. 2. Resistance to change on the part of the teachers. 3. Lack of readiness of teaching staff to use audio-visual techniques and charge their methods and tools within the classroom. 4. Lack of insfrastructures and facilities that might make the use of instructional aid more meaningful such as lecture halls, audio-visual, libraries, studios, independent study spaces, audio-visual resource centre e.t.c. 5. Inadequate personnel or specialist to train users of instructional materials in schools. 6. Fear of failure in their use 7. Fear that new technology would replace teachers. 8. Inadequate instructional materials: Since the inception of social studies programme, teachers have consistently complained about the problems of quality and quantity of instructional materials. The problem is traceable to lack of good textbooks, cost of textbooks, commercialization of materials, non-functional libraries and resources centres, gap between publication and dissemination of instructional materials, lack of quality control of textual materials and so on. In most cases, teachers rely on outdated and stereotyped textbooks which hardly reflect the needs of pupils. 9. Lack of Fund: This is one of the big problems confronting teachers in general, and social studies teacher in particular. The problem here is lack of motivation and incessant agitation by teachers for improved condition of service. Thus, primary school teachers including social studies teachers have lost interest in teaching even though they are still called teachers. Those who have the slightest opportunity leave the classroom for greener pastures. The incessant replacement that follows such frequent resignations leads to lack of continuity in social studies classrooms. The pupils are usually the worse hit by this. Furthermore, funds are not available for the provision of instructional materials, thereby leaving teachers to either improvise or teach without any in majority of the cases. CHAPTER THREE 3.0.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter is concerned with the techniques used by the researcher in the collection of data for investigation. It covers explanation on the choice and description of instrument employed for the collection of data. Also included are the sampling techniques, method of administration of the questionnaire and the data analysis method. 3.1.RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The research instrument used for this study is the questionnaire. The choice of the questionnaire is because of its advantage of allowing respondents to answer questions without any outside influence such as facial appearance that may influence respondents as in the interview method. The questionnaire used is in two parts. The first part deals with the personal data of the respondents while the second part contains ten statements which attempt to find out the impact of the use of instructional materials have in teaching social studies. 3.2.SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The sample of this study consists of 60 primary school teachers. The sample was chosen from five primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State. The sampling technique used in selecting the sample for the study was the systematic random sampling. The sampling technique removes bias in the selection of the elements, and it is convenient and more accurate than the random sampling. 4.3. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 1. Most social studies teachers aware of the need for instructional materials in teaching of social studies. 2. Most primary schools have inadequate instructional materials in the teaching of social studies 3. Majority of the social studies teacher do not make use of instructional materials during their lesson 4. Most of the social studies teachers agree that the chalkboard is one of the instructional materials which aid effective teaching of social studies. 5. Most of the teachers take their pupils on field trips majority of social studies teachers use community resources like red objects and resources persons because they promote learning in social studies. Most social studies teachers do not have overhead projectors, audio-visual equipment which can promote learning in social studies. 6. Almost all the teachers of social studies said that inadequate equipment is one of the problems which they face. 7. Most social studies teachers agree that effective use of instructional materials contribute positively to learning process. 4.4. DISCUSSION From the research study most primary school teachers are aware of instructional materials for the teaching of social studies. This observation is consistent with the assertion of Nduanya (1986) that teachings are more effective when teachers locate and use appropriate resources. Furthermore, it is observed that most primary schools lack instructional materials be it concrete or abstract to teach social studies. This shows that most primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government either lack or have inadequate instructional materials for the teaching of social studies. From the research study, it can be observed that majority of social studies teachers do not make use of instructional materials during social studies lessons. This is as a result of inadequate instructional materials which is due to lack of fund to provide instructional materials. This findings agrees with Agun (1988) who asserts that many curriculum innovations like inquiring or problem solving method of instructional or learning how to learn may not be meaningful and effectively implemented without the use of a wide variety of learning research. In fact, it can be deduced from the research study that most social studies teachers make use of chalkboard as an instructional material which is most important aids to effective teaching. This implies that the chalkboard is one of the instructional materials that is the most available instructional materials in every school. There is no school which will have inadequate instructional materials and will not have a chalkboard. Indeed, the chalkboard as one of the instructional materials is commonly used by the teachers. This findings on the use of chalkboard agrees with Ajimoko (1973); Dahunsi (1979), Akanbi (1982) and Osofisan (1982) they said apart from the chalkboard, the textbook was the next most frequently used of the instructional materials. Consequently, from the findings it can be observed that majority of social studies teacher take their pupils out on field trips. Pupils are taking out on excursion to relate their experience with the theory they have been taught in the classroom. When pupils are taking out on field trips they learn more about their surroundings as the nature of social studies and learning becomes more permanent in them. From the findings it shows that majority of social studies teachers makes use of resources centres. This indicates that pupils need to be taken out of the classroom to appreciate the fact that learning does not end within the premises of the classroom. When pupils go out, they need to be trained to observe event and learn without the teacher being around them. This finding agrees with Preston and Herman (1981). These resource centres become social studies laboratory in which pupils becomes young social scientists. From the research study, it can be deducted that most social studies teachers do not make use of audio-visual materials because they don’t have them. This finding agrees with Akibote (1983) on the very limited uses of electronic materials in school within Ondo Local Government Area. This is as a result of the teacher’s inabilities to manipulate any of the equipment since they do not have teacher training. Another related problem may be due to lack of electricity because majority of the schools do not have electricity. Another finding of the study deduced that in teaching of social studies, inadequate equipment is one of the problems faced by social studies teachers. This implies that some social studies lessons are done in abstract. So, effective learning cannot be facilitated. This negative effect may be as a result of lack of funds to provide adequate instructional materials in schools and teachers are not ready to improve because of their salaries are very inadequate. The results also shown that most of the social studies teachers agrees that most of the social studies teachers agrees that the effective use of instructional materials combine positively to learning process. The effect is that when instructional materials are effectively used, they facilitate learning and stimulate pupil’s interest. They also make their lessons more interesting and relief the pupils from the burden of tiredness while learning. CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in primary schools. In this chapter, the summary of the major findings will be highlighted. The discussion will also include suggestions for policy making and areas where future research on the topic may be directed. 5.1. SUMMARY One of the major findings of this research is that most social studies teachers agreed on the importance of teaching the subject with instructional materials. Another outcome of this project is that there are inadequate instructional materials for teaching social studies in primary schools. So many instances, teaching is done without instructional materials. It was also revealed from the research that the chalkboard that is always available in schools is one of the instructional materials which aids the effective teaching of social studies. This study also reveals that although most primary schools do not have audio-visual aids, social studies teachers compensate for this by making use of real objects, resource persons and by taking their pupils on field trips. Finally, from this research, it was revealed that the use of instructional materials in teaching social studies contribute positively to the learning of the subject 5.2. SUGGESTIONS Although this study has not claimed to be complete, some suggestions based on its findings could be made on how to improve the teaching of social studies in primary schools through the effective use of instructional materials. In the first place, because of the importance of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of social studies in primary schools, the various ministries of education and school boards in the country should ensure that adequate instructional materials are supplied to primary schools. Secondly, the government should ensure that there is regular supply of electricity and schools in the villages that lack electricity should be provided with generators. This will enable the schools to make use of audio-visual aids such as television, projector and VCD. Thirdly, regular workshops and seminars should be organized by the various school boards for primary school teachers on how to make simple instructional materials and on the use of the various instructional materials. Finally, inspectors of education should constantly visit schools to ensure that the instructional materials available are judiciously used by teachers for teaching. 5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES Like with most researches, this study cannot claim to have exhausted all that is to be said on the use of instructional materials in teaching social studies in primary schools. Instead, this survey should be regarded as a guide for further research. Therefore, as regards the future, this researcher suggests some specific projects. First of all, a further investigation should be carried out to find out how use of instructional materials or lack of this affects pupils’ academic performance in social studies. In addition, social studies teacher should consider the instructional materials when teaching social studies at the same time there is need for education technology practitioners to write texts more relevant to Nigeria situation and needs such texts should contain model and samples of instructional materials and the procedure for making them by individual teachers. Furthermore, there should be a study on the suitability or otherwise of the available instructional materials that are being used in teaching social studies in primary schools. DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EPE CAMPUS, EPE. RESEARCH PROJECT 2013 QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE TEACHING OF SOCIAL STUDIES IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN IBEJU-LEKKI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE REFERENCES Alani, R.A; Oduyemi, O.G and Agagu A.A. (1995): Teaching Aids; Reading in Subject Methodology; Ijebu-Ode, Olaf Association, Page 29-34. Awosolu, E.O. and Fasasi A.K.(1996): â€Å"Teacher’s use of Instructional materials in Primary Social Studies in Epe Metropolis† The Beagle, Journal of Primary Education,, Vol. 1 and 2, page 71-77. Awosolu, E.O. and Fasasi A.K. (1996) â€Å"Teacher’s use of Instructional Materials in Primary Social Studies in Epe Metropolis† quoting Agun 1988, Nduanya 1986, Imogie 1988, Alani et al 1995, Dufour and Dahunsi 1979, Ajimoko 1973, Preston and Herman 1981, Akibote 1983, Akanbi 1982, and Osofisan 1982 in the Beagle, Journal of Primary Education, Vol 1 and 2, page 71 – 77. Olowoye, B. (1996): Principle and Method of Teachings. Ibadan, Afolabi Press Limited Page 107 – 120 Osunkalu, A.S. (1973): Instructional Media quoting Adesina 1982, Durojaiye 1978 Welberg 1970, Nwaogu 1980 and Pophas 1971 in a Journal of Teachers Guide Vol. 2 page 21 – 26. View as multi-pages

The 2 Main Forms of Energy

Although there are several types of energy, scientists can group them into two main categories: kinetic energy and potential energy. Here is a look at the forms of energy, with examples of each type. Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Atoms and their components are in motion, so all matter possesses kinetic energy. On a larger scale, any object in motion has kinetic energy. A common formula for kinetic energy is for a moving mass: KE 1/2 mv2 KE is kinetic energy, m is mass, and v is velocity. A typical unit for kinetic energy is the joule. Potential Energy Potential energy is energy that matter gains from its arrangement or position. The object has the potential to do work. Examples of potential energy include a sled at the top of a hill or a pendulum at the top of its swing. One of the most common equations for potential energy can be used to determine the energy of an object with respect to its height above a base: E mgh PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height. A common unit of potential energy is the joule (J). Because potential energy reflects the position of an object, it can have a negative sign. Whether it is positive or negative depends on whether work is done by the system or on the system. Other Types of Energy While classical mechanics classifies all energy as either kinetic or potential, there are other forms of energy. Other forms of energy include: gravitational energy - the energy resulting from the attraction of two masses to each other.electric energy - energy from a static or moving electrical charge.magnetic energy - energy from the attraction of opposite magnetic fields, repulsion of like fields, or from an associated electric field.nuclear energy - energy from the strong force that bonds protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.thermal energy - also called heat, this is energy that can be measured as temperature. It reflects the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules.chemical energy - energy contained in chemical bonds between atoms and molecule.mechanical energy - the sum of the kinetic and potential energy.radiant energy - energy from electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and x-rays (for example). Â  An object may possess both kinetic and potential energy. For example, a car driving down a mountain has kinetic energy from its movement and potential energy from its position relative to sea level. Energy can change from one form into others. For example, a lightning strike can convert electrical energy into light energy, thermal energy, and sound energy. Conservation of Energy While energy can change forms, it is conserved. In other words, the total energy of a system is a constant value. This is often written in terms of kinetic (KE) and potential energy (PE): KE PE Constant A swinging pendulum is an excellent example. As a pendulum swings, it has maximum potential energy at the top of the arc, yet zero kinetic energy. At the bottom of the arc, it has no potential energy, yet maximum kinetic energy.